烧蚀材料对辐射烧蚀驱动的Richtmyer Meshkov不稳定性影响

在惯性约束聚变靶丸内爆过程中,辐射烧蚀所产生的冲击波经过带有扰动的界面时,会触发Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性。惯性约束聚变内爆靶丸一般使用掺杂的CH塑料或者掺杂的Be材料作为烧蚀层,为了探索Be和CH塑料烧蚀层对Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性抵抗能力,对界面预制单模正弦扰动的双层靶中Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性发展过程进行了理论分析与数值模拟。理论分析认为Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性线性增长率和X射线辐射温度、界面扰动波长、扰动振幅以及烧蚀层密度有较大关系。使用辐射流体力学程序对辐射温度高达100 eV的黑体谱X射线烧蚀界面带有扰动的双层靶进行了模拟。模拟结果表明,在相同的辐射烧蚀条件下,CH塑料/泡沫(CH/Foam)靶界面扰动增长比Be/Foam快,密度较大的Be对Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性具有更强的抵抗能力。该研究结果对惯性约束聚变内爆靶丸的设计具有重要的参考价值。     

杠杆式抽筒子的动态特性研究及拓扑优化设计

针对杠杆式抽筒子工作时出现的断裂失效问题,以动力学和有限元理论为基础,分别进行抽筒子的动态特性研究和拓扑优化设计。得出其在抽筒过程中的动应力分布和危险区域,定性地确定出介质力学参数和工作参数的影响,获得了抽筒子的最佳材料布局和优化改进结构。优化前后抽筒子结构的对比仿真结果表明,改进结构能够使得应力集中危险区域仅为最大动应力降低10.6%的强撞击位置,其余部分均可转换为安全区域且结构刚度提升49%左右。所用方法有效可靠,为解决杠杆式抽筒子的断裂问题提供理论依据和技术手段。     

三维半线性波动方程初值问题解的破裂

研究了半线性波动方程初值问题在三维空间中解的生命跨度的上界估计,关于此初值问题的爆破解将被建立。无论多么小的初值,该问题都没有整体解,在前人研究的基础上给出该初值问题解的生命跨度的上界估计。     

Influence of a liquid-filled compartment structure on the incoming shaped charge jet stability

Liquid-filled compartment structure consists of a bulk steel plate with matrix blind holes which are filled with liquid and a steel front plate to seal up the liquid with rings and bolts.The liquid-filled compart-ment structure can resist the shaped charge warhead effectively.This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations of the penetration ability of the residual shaped charge jet emerging from the liquid-filled compartment structure after the penetration process at different impact angles.On the basis of shock wave propagation theory,the influence of the liquid-filled compartment structure on jet sta-bility is analysed.The interferences of the liquid backflow caused by a reflected shock wave and a back plate on jet stability under different impact angles are also examined.In addition,the range of the disturbed velocity segments of the jet at different impact angles and the penetration ability of the re-sidual jet are obtained.A theoretical model is validated against the experimental penetration depths.     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

Fracture mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut by circumferential detonation collision

The failure mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut into fragments by circumferential detonation collision was experimentally and numerically investigated. A self-designed detonation wave regulator was used to control the detonation and cut the shell. It was found that the self-designed regulator controlled the fragment shape. The macrostructure and micro-characteristics of fragments revealed that shear fracture was a prior mechanism, the shell fractured not only at the position of detonation collision, but the crack also penetrated the shell at the first contact position of the Chapmen-Jouguet (C-J) wave. The effects of groove number and outer layer thickness on the fracture behavior were tested by simulations. When the thickness of the outer layer was 5–18 mm, it has little effect on fragmentation of the shell, and shells all fractured at similar positions. The increase of the groove number reduced the fracture possibility of the first contact position of the C-J wave. When the groove number reached 7 with a 10 mm outer layer (1/4 model), the fracture only occurred at the position of detonation collision and the fragment width rebounded.     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

梁纯弯曲的大变形分析

在平面应力问题中 ,分析了在梁端截面作用沿高度线性分布外力时纯弯梁大变形的几何非线性问题。给出了纯弯曲应力的精确解 ,并用欧拉法得到了位移的近似解。当泊桑比为零时 ,求得位移的精确解。     

两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层

为探索一种减弱扫掠激波/边界层干扰强度的侧压方式,采用数值计算方法研究两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层。对三维边界层的流动机理进行研究,并与相同气流偏转角的一道扫掠激波作用下形成的三维边界层进行定量比较。研究表明,存在两道同侧扫掠激波时,第一道扫掠激波使侧壁附近边界层变薄,进而使第二道扫掠激波与再附形成的边界层的相互作用减弱,从而总的效果是两道扫掠激波与边界层的相互作用强度比一道扫掠激波的弱;两道扫掠激波的气流总偏转角与一道扫掠激波的相同,相交后汇聚成的激波强度与一道扫掠激波的基本相同,之前被两道扫掠激波"扫"起来的边界层在汇聚激波作用下还呈现锥形流动,分离线和来流的夹角也与一道扫掠激波的基本相同。     

利用行波管放大器产生微波波段拍波实验

介绍了一种先利用初级源进行小功率合成产生微波波段拍波 ,然后再用单只行波管放大器进行功率放大产生较高功率微波波段拍波脉冲的方法 ,目的在于为高功率微波效应研究提供方便、实用的拍波效应源。实验结果显示 :利用单只行波管放大器可以在微波波段产生拍频为 1MHz～几百MHz的拍波 ,并可以调节两个频率分量在总输出中的功率比例 ,实验获取的拍波脉冲输出功率为 2kW ,脉冲重复频率为 10kHz。实践证明 ,这种方法可以满足部分高功率微波拍波效应研究的需要 ,有一定的推广应用价值