THE NUCLEAR WEAPON STATES

The nuclear weapon states (NWS) have different perspectives on the desirability and feasibility of a world without nuclear weapons. A review of each of the current nuclear doctrines, postures, and disarmament policies of the five NWS shows that there is a clear divide between them, with some showing relatively determined leadership (the United States and the United Kingdom) and others expressing skepticism, if not complete disinterest (France, Russia, and China). Nevertheless, the prospects for progress on disarmament by the NWS at the 2010 Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons remain reasonably good. Yet complete success will require much time as well as sustained and applied efforts from the NWS, first and foremost to improve their performance as international security guarantors.     

舰艇近区安全防卫系统分析

针对我国舰艇近区安全存在的问题,参照国外舰艇近区自卫装备发展情况,提出了发展具有综合利用观瞄设备和声纳,并集合各种致命和非致命武器特点的舰艇近区安全防卫系统的构想。系统配备的观瞄设备用于探测地面、水上及低空近临目标,而声纳用于探测水下目标,如蛙人,无人水下航行器等。在打击方面,系统配备了可以歼灭目标的致命武器以及用于驱逐目标的非致命武器。并对系统的关键技术进行了初步探讨。 关键词：舰艇近区安全,近区安全防卫系统,非致命武器     

“协同制导通道”基本概念及其应用分析

舰艇编队协同反导作战,是海上网络中心作战的典型样式.针对舰艇编队网络化协同反导作战装备体系特殊性,提出了“协同制导通道”基本概念和数学表示方法,并对基于协同制导通道分配方法运用于网络化反导作战条件下武器资源分配进行了研究.分析了单舰反导作战“武器目标分配”的局限性,网络化反导作战“弹-目匹配”新需求和“协同制导通道”的选择方法,为确定“协同制导通道”选择的最优化指标,提出选择“协同制导通道”优化算法奠定了基础.     

近程舰炮武器系统拦截高速目标发展研究

反舰导弹的超声速特性使得现役近程舰炮武器系统的反应时间严重不足,毁伤能力明显下降.针对高速目标,分析了目标对系统的随动性能需求,研究了系统情报处理、传感器捕获跟踪及火控解算等时间特征参数、及系统毁伤能力,并提出了解决问题的初步想法.分析结果表明,可以提高近程舰炮武器系统对超高声速目标的跟踪毁伤能力,实现对该类目标的有效拦截.     

Effects of Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions on reignition characteristics of base bleed propellants and heating mechanism

The effects of magnesium/polytetrafluoroethylene (Mg/PTFE) pyrotechnic compositions on the coupled flow field and reignition mechanism are important aspects governing the performance and range of base bleed projectiles (BBPs).Owing to a decrease in pressure and temperature when the BBP leaves the muzzle,rapid depressurization occurs,which extinguishes the base bleed propellant.The Mg/PTFE py-rotechnic composition pressed in the igniter of the base bleed unit (BBU) provides additional energy to the BBU via a chemical reaction.Thus,the extinguished base bleed propellant is reignited under the effect of high-temperature combustion gas jets from the igniter.In this study,a numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of PTFE and Mg granularity as well as Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compo-sitions.Owing to the rapid depressurization,the temperature and pressure was found to decrease for different Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic compositions.However,the depressurization time increased as the PTFE granularity increased,the Mg granularity decreased,and the Mg content increased.When the pressure in the combustion chamber of the BBU decreased to the atmospheric pressure,the combustion gas jets from the igniter expand upstream (rather than downstream).However,these combustion gas jets exhibit different axial and radial expansion characteristics depending on the pyrotechnic compositions used.The results show that the reignition delay time,td,of the base bleed propellant was 377.608,94.27,387.243,523.966,and 221.094 ms for cases A-E,respectively.Therefore,it was concluded that the Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic composition of case B was the most beneficial for the reignition of the base bleed propellant,with the earliest addition of energy and mass to the BBP.     

Effects of module number and firing condition on charge thermal safety in gun chamber

Thermal safety of modular charge which is fed into and retained in the chamber after gun fires consecutively is first investigated with cook-off method.A two-dimensional cook-off model of modular charge in gun chamber is established and the cook-off process of modular charge in gun chamber is numerically simulated.Then the effects of module number and firing condition on charge thermal safety are evaluated by researching the cook-off response characteristics of modules.The results show that,under conditions of different module numbers the cook-off responses all occur on the module closest to the boundary of missile,and the single-base propellants located at the inner surface of cartridge ignite first.When the number of loaded module changes from 1 to 6,the cook-off response temperatures vary little,only in a small range of 478.1 K-482.4 K.The cook-off response times decrease logarithmically in the range of 211.2 s-166.7 s with the increasing length of residual air gap in gun chamber.The simulation results are well matched with the experimental data.Furthermore,different firing conditions have great influence on the cook-off response time,minor influence on the initial response position and little in-fluence on the response temperature.Under the three conditions of consecutive 32 launches with 5 rounds/min,43 launches with 1 round/min,and 41 launches with different firing frequencies,the cook-off response temperatures are 479.2 K,481.1 K and 479.9 K respectively and the response times are 709.2 s,211.2 s and 214.4 s respectively.The response position is near the middle area of the inner cartridge surface in the former condition and near the right area in the latter two conditions.     

Novel aluminum-based fuel: Facile preparation to improve thermal reactions

To improve the thermal properties of aluminum (Al) in the energetic system, a coated structure with ammonium perchlorate (AP) was prepared by a facile approach. And N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was chosen as an ideal solvent based on heterogeneous nucleation theory and molecular dynamics simulation. This coated structure could enlarge the contact area and improve the reaction environment to enhance the thermal properties. The addition of AP could accelerate oxidation temperature of Al with around 17.5 °C. And the heat release of 85@15 composition rises to 26.13 kJ/g and the reaction degree is 97.6% with higher peak pressure (254.6 kPa) and rise rate (1.397 MPa/s). An ideal ratio with 15 wt% AP was probed primarily. The high energy laser-induced shockwave experiment was utilized to simulate the reaction behavior in hot field. And the larger activated mixture of coated powder could release more energy to promote the growth of shockwave with higher speed up to 518.7 ± 55.9 m/s. In conclusion, 85@15 composition is expected to be applied in energetic system as a novel metal fuel.     

网络中心战条件下舰艇编队武器系统可靠度分析

利用可靠度模型对网络化条件下舰艇编队跨平台组织武器通道的可靠度进行了分析。分析表明,在网络中心战条件下舰艇编队武器系统的可靠度有了大幅度的提升。     

水下地形辅助导航技术的研究与应用进展

在简要介绍水下地形辅助导航基本概念的基础上,从地形辅助导航算法、水下数字地图技术、水下地形辅助导航试验等方面,详细介绍了水下地形辅助导航所涉及各方面的主要问题及研究进展,并对下一步研究方向及应用做出指引与展望。     

气象条件对武器效能动态评估与微分对策的影响分析

针对气象条件对作战双方武器效能的动态影响问题,基于微分对策思想,构建了包含气象影响因子的作战双方武器对抗的兰彻斯特模型,讨论了不同气象条件对双方武器效能的动态影响。结果表明:气象条件对双方武器效能都有损耗,但由于损耗程度不同,整个战局的态势将向损耗程度较小的一方倾斜;武器效能的固有差距是主要的,但一定的战场大气环境条件可以缩小此差距。