Undergraduate disarmament and nonproliferation education: gaps,opportunities, and new approaches

ABSTRACT

Despite living in a nuclear-weapon state, young Americans are generally ill-informed about weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their means of control. The result is both widespread apathy toward nonproliferation and disarmament decision making among the general public and a looming personnel crisis within government sectors that enact policy in these domains. Considering that 67 percent of high school graduates in the United States go on to pursue a bachelor’s degree, exposing more undergraduates to nonproliferation and disarmament issues could contribute to addressing both of these challenges. The present study analyzes how these issues are already being taught at select US colleges and universities and explores ways to introduce them to more students that align with current priorities in higher education, such as interdisciplinary learning, digital humanities, and data-science learning. It also proposes concrete steps that the WMD policy community can take to help institutions of higher education integrate these topics more broadly into their curricula. The anticipated result is greater support for education in this important issue area across different stakeholders in academia, as well as increased engagement with these critical issues among a more diverse population of young people.     

The Dilemmas of US Maritime Supremacy in the Early Cold War

After World War II, the US Navy confronted the challenge of adapting to dramatically altered geopolitical circumstances. Moscow did not have an ocean-going fleet, and early Cold War strategy was dominated by the salient position of nuclear strategic bombing – a mission thought to be outside the purview of the navy. Traditional roles, such as protecting sea lines of communication and supporting ground forces ashore, quickly proved indispensable. However, the navy eventually also succeeded in fielding dramatic technological and institutional innovations, for example, the strategic missile submarine, which enabled the US to successfully leverage maritime power against the continental power of the USSR.     

面向武器装备体系组合规划的集成决策优化框架

针对当前武器装备体系组合规划存在选择空间规模大、决策目标数量多等问题,提出一种集成决策优化框架,用于组合选择和规划武器装备的发展型号、时间和数量。首先对武器装备体系组合规划问题的NP-Hard和高维多目标性质进行定量化分析和公式化描述;然后采用目标规划方法将该问题构建为双目标优化模型;再基于NSGA-II多目标演化计算方法,开发面向本问题的优化算法,求得该模型的Pareto解集合;最后通过TOPSIS方法,从Pareto解集合中求取符合决策者偏好的满意解。通过某侦察预警监视体系发展规划示例,验证了当给定经验数据和决策者偏好信息后,该框架可获得符合要求的武器装备体系组合规划方案,能够支撑武器装备体系发展论证和规划。     

一元二次四元数单边多项式的求根公式

随着四元数代数广泛应用于量子力学、惯性导航及控制论等学科,四元数多项式的求根问题被许多学者关注。最近Janovska和Opfer从理论上给出了一种n次四元数单边多项式零点的求解方法,Feng和Zhao进一步给出了一般n次四元数单边多项式的零点显性表达式。 本文根据Feng和Zhao的结果对一元二次四元数单边方程的根进行了讨论,并利用复数域上四次多项式的Ferrari求根公式建立了一元二次四元数单边方程的求解公式。与文献中现有的结果相比,本文建立的求根公式在许多方面展现了优越性。     

基于试验设计方法的有限元仿真参数优化

根据仿真建模VVA的原则,为将仿真试验误差分解、控制在有限元分析的每个阶段,引入正交试验设计理论,对侵彻仿真试验方案进行组配、评估及优化,确定了有限元仿真的最佳参数设置。     

海上机动目标打击效果评估决策支持系统设计

针对海上机动目标打击效果评估的特点,运用遥感技术、人工智能技术和模糊评判的方法探索打击效果评估问题。提出一种基于高分辨率遥感图像的打击效果评估决策支持系统,融合人定性分析和机器定量分析的优点,核心是问题处理系统综合运用处理后的遥感信息和支持系统的模型、知识以及数据来评估打击效果,评估模型为二级综合评判模型。对尚处于理论研究阶段的海上机动目标打击效果评估问题有积极的参考意义。     

信息化炮兵信息对抗能力综合评估方法

信息化战争使炮兵信息对抗对整个炮兵作战能力的发挥影响甚大。为科学评估炮兵信息对抗能力,对其信息对抗能力体系进行全面的分析,建立了评估指标体系;并利用模糊评定和层次分析相结合的方法,建立了炮兵信息对抗能力综合评估模型,从而为综合评估炮兵信息对抗能力提供了一种有效方法。     

On optimal system designs in reliability‐economics frameworks

Reliability Economics is a field that can be defined as the collection of all problems in which there is tension between the performance of systems of interest and their cost. Given such a problem, the aim is to resolve the tension through an optimization process that identifies the system which maximizes some appropriate criterion function (e.g. expected lifetime per unit cost). In this paper, we focus on coherent systems of n independent and identically distributed (iid) components and mixtures thereof, and characterize both a system's performance and cost as functions of the system's signature vector (Samaniego, IEEE Trans Reliabil (1985) 69–72). For a given family of criterion functions, a variety of optimality results are obtained for systems of arbitrary order n. Approximations are developed and justified when the underlying component distribution is unknown. Assuming the availability of an auxiliary sample of N component failure times, the asymptotic theory of L‐estimators is adapted for the purpose of establishing the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators of the expected ordered failure times of the n components of the systems under study. These results lead to the identification of ε‐optimal systems relative to the chosen criterion function. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

线性调频脉冲压缩雷达的匹配干扰研究

由于脉冲压缩雷达对目标回波具有很高的压缩比(增益),而对不匹配的干扰信号则压缩比很小.为了提高干扰的有效功率,提出一种与脉压雷达目标信号相仿的线性调频信号作为干扰信号(即匹配干扰),经过理论分析得到了匹配干扰信号在不同的对准频偏情况下,进入雷达的有效干扰功率.通过仿真,结果证实这种匹配干扰可很大程度地提高进入雷达的有效干扰功率,但有效干扰功率会随对准频偏的加大而减小.     

资本主义之源:奢侈抑或禁欲——桑巴特与韦伯

桑巴特的资本主义起源假说在其《奢侈与资本主义》中得到充分展开。桑巴特认为,正是欧洲的奢侈之风生发出现代资本主义,而奢风蔓延又得益于非法爱情的盛行。相反,韦伯则认为现代资本主义源生于新教伦理中的禁欲主义。看似截然二分的两道命题,实则遵循同一思想路径。源自欧洲局部经验的理论抽象,虽不能释疑世界它处为何没有生发出资本主义的世纪性难题,但是对发展之道却不无借鉴意义。