Texture evaluation in AZ31/AZ31 multilayer and AZ31/AA5068 laminar composite during accumulative roll bonding

This article presents the texture development of magnesium AZ31 alloy in the accumulative roll bonded (ARB) AZ31/AZ31 multilayer and AZ31/AA5086 laminate composite. The comparative study demonstrates that the texture evolution in AZ31 in a multilayer system is strongly influenced by the interfaces. A typical basal texture of AZ31 has been observed in AZ31/AZ31 multilayer with texture intensity increased with the rolling deformation. Presence of AZ31/AA5086 interface in the laminate composite leads to a tilted basal texture along the rolling direction (RD) in AZ31 alloy. The texture intensity of composite increased initially with rolling reduction and weakened at the higher rolling strain. Weakening of texture in AZ31 during the laminate processing at higher strain has been attributed to the development of wavy interfaces in AZ31/AA5086 laminate.     

Implementing sustainable mission command in the Hellenic Army

The modern Mission Command philosophy in military operations originated with the German concept of Auftragstaktik (mission tactics). It emphasizes in general terms the exercise of disciplined initiatives by subordinates during the execution of mission-type orders in the course of military operations that are conducted within the overall intent of a commander. The present paper contains an overview of the historical evolution of the mission command concept and its application. The paper compares the mission command concept with the detailed or linear method of command. This paper focuses on the relevance of the mission command concept for the Hellenic Land Forces (HLF) in Greece. The paper provides a historical account on when and where mission command was successfully exercised by the Hellenic Armed Forces in the modern military history of Greece. The authors support the premise that the mission command concept is essential for safeguarding Greek national security in the current environment of evolving symmetric and asymmetric threats, and in meeting operational challenges in a diverse and difficult terrain. The paper examines the cultural reasons that have impeded the adoption of the mission command concept within the HLF and recommends a three-phase model for its permanent implementation.     

刑法修正案（七）中军用标志犯罪立法完善研究

《刑法修正案（七）》对原刑法规定的侵犯军用标志的犯罪进行了修正,但其规定还存在一些立法疏漏和缺陷,有必要予以改进。《刑法修正案（七）》中的罪名应立法化,由立法机关确定;增设非法生产、伪造、变造、盗窃、抢劫、抢夺、破坏、侮辱武装部队专用标志的行为和伪造、变造、盗窃、非法提供、使用、非法出租、出借、赠送武装部队制式服装的行为;犯罪对象应包括制式服装的标志服饰、军服专用材料和军服仿制品;刑罚种类应增加剥夺政治权利;增加非法生产、买卖武装部队制式服装罪的情节加重犯的法定刑。     

舰艇近程武器系统对空防御作用与发展

近程武器系统已发展成为舰艇对空防御的最后一道防线。简要介绍了舰艇近程武器系统(CIWS)的组成及特点,主要叙述了CIWS在舰艇对空防御中的重要作用,并提出了未来发展的主要方向。     

基于复杂网络的防空武器系统目标选择研究

基于复杂网络的思想,通过对防空武器目标体系网络的拓扑参数分析,构建了防空武器目标体系网络,利用pajek软件,对网络进行了可视化分析,采用基于不同策略的攻击方式进行了模拟仿真,对仿真结果进行了分析。经过分析发现,基于节点度值和基于节点介数的攻击可以较好的降低网络效率,因此我们以节点度值和介数为主要依据,确定了目标打击顺序,为指挥决策人员进行防空目标选择提供了借鉴和参考。     

Capturing Contemporary Innovation: Studying IDF Innovation against Hamas and Hizballah

The question of what enables some militaries to innovate effectively is of great interest to both scholars and commanders. However, the traditional models of military innovation fail to capture the complex innovation process. This study develops a new analytical framework that examines the pressures on and incentives for military innovation in the international, civil/military, organizational, and cultural planes and uses it to evaluate Israel Defense Forces (IDF) innovation between 2000 and 2009. Based on interviews with Israeli commanders and extensive research in Israel, this work finds that the IDF struggled to innovate before the 2006 war against Hizballah, but innovated effectively after the conflict once military and civilian leaders understood threats similarly. New models are needed to analyze the contemporary multi-dimensional innovative process.     

Home Defence and the Sandys Defence White Paper, 1957

Long understood as the key document in Britain's Cold War history, the Duncan Sandys Defence White Paper of 1957 nevertheless has a largely forgotten context: home defence. This article argues that understanding this context allows important new conclusions to be drawn concerning the drafting, presentation and the reception of the document and the deterrent strategy it expounded. It argues that the Paper failed to establish a new doctrine for civil defence which reconciled the policy with the wider deterrent strategy. In doing this, the Paper presented a muddled policy to the public: one which failed to justify the reductions in civil defence provision but which stressed the destructive power of thermonuclear weapons. This had the effect of encouraging the critics of the government's nuclear strategy to flag up the absence of adequate civil defence measures and highlight the ‘admission’ that there was no defence against the hydrogen bomb.     

Becoming the enemy: Convergence in the American and Al Qaeda ways of warfare

The United States and Al Qaeda represent two fundamentally different forms of warfare. The US, with its basis in the Western way of warfare, relies on an almost totally instrumental form of warfare and Al Qaeda, with its basis in the Islamic way of warfare, fights an expressive, existential form of warfare. This paper illustrates how both sides' ways of warfare are converging toward each other. It also argues that this is in fact a good thing because it will allow the US to understand its enemy and thereby allow the US to defeat him in terms he can understand.     

The strategic utility of New Zealand Special Forces

In 1955, the New Zealand government authorised the creation of a Special Forces unit to operate with British forces in Malaya to counter a communist-inspired guerrilla insurgency. Drawing upon the operational experiences of the New Zealand SAS largely taken from the Cold War period, and underpinned by Colin Gray's Special Forces essentials of ‘economy of force’ and ‘expansion of choice’, this article will show how New Zealand's SAS is now accepted not only as a respected and relevant part of the nation's military capability, but also empowers its political decision-makers with the confidence to take on significant, and at times difficult, strategic foreign-policy choices.     

Change as a cost driver in defence procurement

This paper discusses change transactions that occur in connection with the procurement of defence systems. The bases for the reasoning are the ideas of Miller and Vollman (1985 Miller JG Vollman TE (1985) The hidden factory – cutting the explosive growth of overhead costs requires mastery of more than just what happens on the shop floor Harvard Business Review Sept–Oct 142 150  [Google Scholar]) and Eppinger (2001 Eppinger DE (2001) Innovation at the speed of information Harvard Business Review January 149 158  [Google Scholar]). These researchers argue that unplanned flows of information lead to change transactions, causing significant overhead costs. According to this paper, change transactions in defence procurement could be caused by (a) the changes in technology taking place during the long lifetime of a defence system and (b) the structure and contents of the agreements between the defence agent (the procurer) and the defence industry (the supplier).