Optimal pricing and inventory control policy in periodic‐review systems with fixed ordering cost and lost sales

This paper studies a periodic‐review pricing and inventory control problem for a retailer, which faces stochastic price‐sensitive demand, under quite general modeling assumptions. Any unsatisfied demand is lost, and any leftover inventory at the end of the finite selling horizon has a salvage value. The cost component for the retailer includes holding, shortage, and both variable and fixed ordering costs. The retailer's objective is to maximize its discounted expected profit over the selling horizon by dynamically deciding on the optimal pricing and replenishment policy for each period. We show that, under a mild assumption on the additive demand function, at the beginning of each period an (s,S) policy is optimal for replenishment, and the value of the optimal price depends on the inventory level after the replenishment decision has been done. Our numerical study also suggests that for a sufficiently long selling horizon, the optimal policy is almost stationary. Furthermore, the fixed ordering cost (K) plays a significant role in our modeling framework. Specifically, any increase in K results in lower s and higher S. On the other hand, the profit impact of dynamically changing the retail price, contrasted with a single fixed price throughout the selling horizon, also increases with K. We demonstrate that using the optimal policy values from a model with backordering of unmet demands as approximations in our model might result in significant profit penalty. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

任务空间概念模型VV&A研究

任务空间概念模型是现实世界军事知识的第一层抽象,是仿真系统开发的业务基础。所以任务空间概念模型的质量直接影响到仿真系统的质量,任务空间概念模型自身的VV&A是一个非常值得关注的问题。任务空间概念建模本质上看是军事领域的知识表示或者需求描述,定性描述占主要,定量成分非常少。因此,传统的通过分析输出数据的方法不能适应任务空间概念模型的特点。概要介绍了任务空间概念模型建模,并且提出了从专家法、静态校核机制、概念执行机制三个角度来考察模型质量的思路。     

云模型及其在指挥控制系统可靠性分析中的应用

根据指挥控制系统的特点及作战应用的具体情况,从指挥控制系统的可靠性出发,提出了适合指控系统可靠性分析的云模型。通过拟定性能评价指标,导出各指标的云模型及其多维加权综合云的重心,应用云重心评价方法进行分析;并通过案例,运用基于PC-L INM AP的云重心评价方法,以影响指挥控制系统可靠性的两个重要性能指标为依据,分析了未来联合作战中指挥控制系统的可靠性,比较贴近作战实际,可信度较高。     

Reliability inference for field conditions from accelerated degradation testing

Accelerated degradation testing (ADT) is usually conducted under deterministic stresses such as constant‐stress, step‐stress, and cyclic‐stress. Based on ADT data, an ADT model is developed to predict reliability under normal (field) operating conditions. In engineering applications, the “standard” approach for reliability prediction assumes that the normal operating conditions are deterministic or simply uses the mean values of the stresses while ignoring their variability. Such an approach may lead to significant prediction errors. In this paper, we extend an ADT model obtained from constant‐stress ADT experiments to predict field reliability by considering the stress variations. A case study is provided to demonstrate the proposed statistical inference procedure. The accuracy of the procedure is verified by simulation using various distributions of field stresses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.     

对一个重要极限证明中使用循环论证问题的质疑

有的著作认为在极限公式limx→0sinxx=1的证明中,要用到圆(扇形)的面积公式S=21Lr,而对后者的证明中必须要用到重要极限limx→0sinxx=1,从而犯了循环论证的错误。魏晋刘徽的“割圆术”是对无限问题的独特认识和致用的处理方式,是为证明圆面积公式而设计出来的一种方法。刘徽之前,希腊的阿基米德用穷竭法也证明了圆的面积公式。其中,刘徽的证法强调计算的程序性和构造性,而阿基米德则倾向于演绎的严谨性。这两种证明说明limx→0sinxx=1证明所谓的循环论证是可以避免的。     

地球系统科学——人地关系研究的科学基础

地球系统科学的产生、发展及科学概念的形成与人地关系面临的科学和实践困境密切相关,形成了用全球性系统观和多时空尺度,研究人地关系整体行为的科学体系。其科学意义来自于提升人地关系研究水平的“系统观”;其现实意义来自系统方法与现代技术集成的方法论。并因此奠定了地球系统科学在人地关系研究中的基础地位。     

风作用下缆船拖带非线性系统运动数值模拟

基于船舶操纵性运动方程和拖缆的三维动力学运动方程,提出了被拖点位置匹配的方法,建立了拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统的非线性整体拖带动力学模型.为了考察被拖船航向稳定性与横向稳性的关系以及风载荷作用的影响,被拖船采用水平面四自由度运动方程,并引入了风的作用力和力矩.拖船采用PD控制方法较真实地模拟了拖船航向改变的运动过程.对一个拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统(5 000 t的拖船和3 000 t的被拖船)在时域内进行了风作用下拖带运动的模拟.计算结果表明,风力增大拖带航向稳定性降低,拖带航向稳定是横向稳的必要条件.数值计算结果归纳出判别被拖带船航向稳定性的极坐标图,该极坐标图表明顶风航行较顺风具有较强拖带航向稳定能力,但是拖带航向稳定性区域很小,而顺风和顺斜风拖带比顶斜风具有更大的拖带航向稳定性区域.     

超宽带电磁脉冲及其对电子装备的影响研究综述

在介绍超宽带含义的基础上,系统分析了国内外在超宽带电磁脉冲技术以及超宽带电磁脉冲对电子装备的影响研究领域的状况,并对超宽带电磁脉冲技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

一类二阶椭圆型边值问题正解的唯一性

文中讨论了一类二阶椭圆型边值问题正解的唯一性。削弱了文献[1]中主要定理的条件,并将其推广到一般光滑区域,所用方法主要是对格林函数的精细估计。     

逃逸飞行器喷流干扰流场的分区数值模拟

基于拼接网格系统 ,应用三维区域边界格式 ;通过区域边界格式对区域边界上的通量进行守恒性处理 ,发展了一个超音速复杂流场分区算法 ;对不同攻角下的逃逸飞行器喷流干扰流场进行了分区数值模拟 ,取得了较好的结果