自补偿液体静压精密转台轴承设计与实验

设计了一种用于精密转台的新型自补偿圆锥形液体静压轴承,并完成了轴承的制造与性能测试。采用流量平衡原理推导了轴承设计公式,得到了轴向和径向的最优刚度及其优化条件,计入制造误差对轴承承载性能进行了仿真,并测试了轴承的刚度和回转精度。结果表明:轴承刚度受到节流间隙与承载间隙的流阻比以及油腔间内流系数影响,流阻比存在最优值,而内流系数越小,对刚度越有利;计入制造误差的仿真模型能够有效预测轴承刚度范围。     

BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS ARMS CONTROL IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Nonproliferation policies to prevent biological and chemical weapons use are important, but insufficient, particularly in view of the rise of global terrorism. Given the history of developing and using these weapons, it is crucial that governments properly prepare for biological and chemical threats, whether naturally occurring or man-made, such as by developing and managing effective healthcare infrastructure to mitigate widespread illness and injuries resulting from pandemics or terrorist attacks. Although the Middle East is one of the most sensitive and complex areas in the world—especially regarding regional arms control efforts and prevention—coordinating preparedness strategies among states in the region may be possible. Cooperatively addressing biological and chemical threats could lead to constructive progress towards the otherwise elusive goal of establishing a weapons of mass destruction-free zone in the Middle East.     

无人机集群作战概念及关键技术分析

无人机集群作战正在从概念走向雏形.文章总结了国外无人机集群作战概念的发展,分析了无人机集群作战的主要关键技术,包括大规模无人机管理与控制、多无人机自主编队飞行、集群感知与态势共享、集群突防与攻击、集群作战任务控制站等技术,并展望了未来无人机集群协同搜索、协同干扰、协同攻击、协同察/打、集群对抗等作战应用.     

Transnational terrorism as a spillover of domestic disputes in other countries

This paper models transnational terrorism as a three‐way strategic interaction involving a government that faces armed opposition at home, which may spill over in the form of acts of terrorism by the state's opponents against the government's external sponsor. The external sponsor also utilises deterrence against potential terrorists, which only lowers terrorism if terrorists are not intrinsically motivated by a deep‐seated sense of humiliation. The model highlights the importance of intrinsic motivation. A rise in the external power's preference for deterrence against terrorism may backfire in these circumstances. Increases in the government's military efficiency against the rebels, who are also terrorists against the government's sponsor, raises overall levels of violence.     

BUTTER,GUNS AND ICE‐CREAM THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA

This paper is intended to complement the existing literature on civil wars. First, it presents a simple theoretical model of conflict that defines a two‐sector economy. In a contested sector, two agents struggle to appropriate the maximum possible fraction of a contestable output. In an uncontested sector, they hold secure property rights over the production of some goods. Agents split their resource endowment between ‘butter’, ‘guns’ and ‘ice‐cream’. Following the theoretical insights the empirical analysis focuses on the relationship between civil wars and different sectors of the economy. In particular, a panel probit specification shows that the incidence of a civil war decreases in the size of manufacturing sector.     

THE ROLLBACK OF LIBYA'S CHEMICAL WEAPONS PROGRAM

In 2003, Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi agreed to eliminate his country's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and long-range Scud missiles under strict verification by U.S. and British experts and international inspectors. This article examines the negotiation and implementation of Libya's WMD rollback, with a primary focus on its chemical weapons program, and draws some lessons for the future. Although the Libyan case was unique in many ways, some aspects have relevance for other countries, including the critical role played by multilateral nonproliferation organizations, the utility of economic sanctions and export controls, the importance of a flexible U.S. disarmament funding mechanism, the value of rotating technical assistance teams in and out of the country that is disarming, and the desirability of remaining politically engaged with a former proliferator after rollback is complete.     

新疆石河子内初班学生的学习适应性研究

为深入了解内初班学生的学习适应性状况,本研究分别在石河子市四所内初班承办学校中,严格按照分层抽样的方法选取了294名学生作为被试,采用《学习适应性测验》量表探求内初班学生的学习适应性特征。结果显示:石河子内初班学生的学习适应性与全国常模基本一致,学习适应不良主要集中在学习技术和学习态度上。在性别上、年级上差异不显著,民考民和民考汉学生的学习适应性在全量表上差异显著,总体上民考民学生的学习适应性优于民考汉学生。     

多捐赠者肾脏调换问题

用于器官移植的肾脏处于严重的短缺状态。为缓解这一问题,越来越多的国家开始实施各种形式的肾脏调换计划。肾脏调换问题一般被建模为一个合作博弈(KE)。其中的局中人为病人及与其配型失败的捐赠者所构成的二元组。现实中不乏拥有多个配型失败捐赠者的病人。定义了多捐赠者肾脏调换博弈(MDKE),分析了其可行解及稳定解的结构,证明了捐赠多颗肾脏无益于参与稳定调换,将TTC算法、KE稳定解的NP难解性以及最大覆盖稳定解的不可近似性拓展到MDKE。实验表明引入MDKE效果显著。     

零控脱靶量有限时间收敛制导律

针对高速机动目标的拦截问题,研究了一种考虑导弹自动驾驶仪动态特性的零控脱靶量有限时间收敛制导律。对导弹-目标三维相对运动几何关系进行解耦,并考虑导弹的自动驾驶仪动态特性,推导了一种新型三维零控脱靶量模型;在此基础上,基于自适应滑模控制理论和有限时间稳定性理论,选取俯仰平面和偏航平面的零控脱靶量为滑模面,设计了零控脱靶量有限时间收敛三维自适应滑模制导律;对该制导律的稳定性和有限时间收敛特性进行了分析和证明。仿真结果表明,与比例制导律相比,所设计的制导律可使导弹的零控脱靶量在有限时间内收敛到零,且具有更高的制导精度。     

化学氧碘激光器光腔边界层的被动控制方法实验

针对化学氧碘激光器(Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser, COIL)光腔内边界层的被动控制方法,设计了三种实验件。光腔的上下壁板是可拆卸的,可以更换不同的实验件,以此比较边界层的控制效果。实验结果表明:开槽板、主流引射缝和开孔板在对光腔边界层的控制上都取得了一定的效果,改善了光腔特别是光腔后半部分的压力分布。在一定范围内,增加边界层的抽气量,可以进一步减小边界层厚度,降低光腔压力,同时提高COIL出光功率,但是当抽气量过大时,反而会降低出光功率。三种实验件中,主流引射的方式对抽气量最敏感,当抽气量增加至5%时,COIL出光功率已经明显下降;开孔板对抽气量不太敏感,抽气量从1%增加至7%,对COIL出光功率的影响并不明显。