基于粗糙集理论的定性推理结果的约束

从分析定性推理结果存在的问题出发,提出定性约束的必要性.总结了几种现有的定性约束,提出一种新的定性约束-粗糙定性约束,利用粗糙集属性约简算法对定性推理结果进行约简.简要介绍了粗糙定性推理软件的总体设计思路流程和功能模块划分.以物资供应保障过程定性推理结果为例,对所得推理结果进行粗糙定性约束,得到重要推理结果,为物资供应保障决策提供参考意见.     

面向架次率的机场资源配置优化模型

架次出动率是评价军用飞机作战能力的一项重要指标.面向架次率这一重要指标,基于排队理论和边际分析法建立了机场资源配置优化模型.首先建立架次生成过程的闭排队网络模型,使用平均值分析方法获得给定资源配置下,任意架飞机参与飞行时的架次出动率;然后结合平均值分析算法和边际分析方法,综合考虑资源的价值和对架次率的影响,建立面向架次率的资源配置优化模型.此模型可为机场资源配置提供决策方案,并通过一个实例介绍了本模型的应用.     

多晶硅制绒中影响金字塔结构因素的研究

通过分析不同碱性溶液及添加不同活性剂制备出的具有不同金字塔结构的绒面,探讨了影响金字塔成核的因素。采用扫描电镜和紫外一可见分光光度计对绒面的金字塔结构和反射特性进行了分析,结果表明,腐蚀速率与金字塔尺寸成正比,金字塔结构影响绒面减反特性。对造成金字塔结构差异的原因和金字塔成核过程进行了分析。     

COURTING THE GLOBAL SOUTH WITH “DUAL-BENEFIT” NONPROLIFERATION ENGAGEMENT

President Barack Obama and an array of other Western leaders continue to assert that the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to non-state actors is one of most pressing challenges to global security today. Yet, Western efforts to engage governments—particularly governments across the global South—in a practical nonproliferation dialogue have largely yielded disappointing results. This viewpoint examines the need for a new strategy to engage the developing world in nonproliferation programs. It argues that strategies focused strictly on WMD nonproliferation are unsustainable, and ultimately are destined for failure. An alternative “dual-benefit” nonproliferation engagement strategy utilizes the enlightened self-interest of partner governments needed to achieve broad-based buy-in among all partners. In a concluding section, we recommend that the “Group of 8” Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction standardize this model of nonproliferation engagement as it sets out to identify and fund WMD nonproliferation capacity-building initiatives beyond the states of the former Soviet Union.     

HEU FUEL CYCLE INVENTORIES AND PROGRESS ON GLOBAL MINIMIZATION

In 2007, 334 nuclear reactors (including for naval propulsion) and isotope production facilities employed highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuel or target material. One year of operations at these reactors and facilities required more than 3,100 kilograms (kg) of HEU for naval propulsion, more than 750 kg for research reactors, and 40?–50 kg for isotope production in civilian facilities—in addition to several tons used in other types of reactors. Material with high enrichment levels and low radiation barriers stored or handled in large batches, such as HEU target waste and certain types of fuel from isotope production, research reactors/critical assemblies, and naval fuel, presents serious safety and security concerns. Forty-eight civilian research reactors have converted to low-enriched uranium as a result of a three-decade international effort to minimize HEU use, resulting in a decrease in HEU consumption of 278 kg per year. This article's establishment of baseline measurements for assessing the results of HEU minimization efforts calls for additional focus on the scope and methodology of HEU minimization. Facility decommissioning and dismantling should play a larger role in the future HEU minimization effort, materials with specific weapons-relevant properties should be given higher priority compared to bulk HEU material, and the use of large quantities of weapon-grade HEU fuel for naval propulsion should be reconsidered.     

Deterrence of Nuclear Terror

Nuclear proliferation, lax security standards in the storage of fissile materials, and international apathy in the prosecution of terrorists make nuclear terror a serious threat to the United States and its allies, yet no doctrine of retaliation has been established. To decrease the probability of terrorist use of nuclear weapons, a doctrine of retaliation—a negligence doctrine—should be considered. If the United States can distinguish whose fissile material was used for a nuclear terror event, a negligence doctrine would prescribe retaliation against that state. Where the proximate cause—terrorists—is unavailable for deterrent retaliation, deterring an accessible mediate cause—a state that has failed to adequately secure its fissile material—is one of a few effective alternatives. In the absence of such a negligence doctrine, the United States and its allies are increasingly vulnerable to a nuclear terror attack and the ensuing negative consequences.     

基于任意两共面相交圆的双目立体视觉标定法

提出一种基于同一平面内两相交圆作为平面标定模板的自标定原理,应用于固连在同一支撑架上（相对静止）的双摄像机组成的视觉系统,分别从四个角度对模板进行拍摄,即可求解摄像机的内外参数。实验表明：该算法可以得到比较满意的精度, 并且计算简便。     

并行规约与扫描原语在ReRAM架构上的性能优化

规约与扫描是并行计算中的核心原语,其并行加速至关重要。然而,冯·诺依曼体系结构下无法避免的数据移动使其面临“存储墙”等性能与功耗瓶颈。近来,基于ReRAM等非易失存储器的存算一体架构支持的原位计算可一步实现矩阵-向量乘,已在机器学习与图计算等应用中展现了巨大的潜力。提出面向忆阻器存算一体架构的规约与扫描的并行加速方法,重点阐述基于矩阵-向量乘运算的计算流程和在忆阻器架构上的映射方法,实现软硬件协同设计,降低功耗并提高性能。相比于GPU,所提规约与扫描原语可实现高达两个数量级的加速,平均加速比也可达到两个数量级。分段规约与扫描最大可达到五个(平均四个)数量级的加速,并将功耗降低79%。     

基于弹迹跟踪预测的舰艇定位方法

舰艇采用实测舰位法对岸上不可见目标进行远程攻击时,在已获取目标地理信息的情况下,我舰定位误差往往成为影响打击精度的关键因素。针对惯性导航长时间工作产生积累误差,以及卫星导航在战时易受干扰等情况,提出利用对单发弹丸的跟踪与预测,结合提取的岸上目标绝对定位数据和弹丸落点的偏差信息,反向推算发射舰相对岸上目标的位置,可较为精确地修正我舰的绝对定位数据,为后续射击提供修正手段。该方法减少了战时舰炮武器系统对导航的依赖,仅靠对单发弹丸跟踪和预测,即可提高后续对岸射击的精度。     

探月飞船初次再入段纵程的解析预测方法

探月飞船升阻比较低,为实现长纵程飞行,必须采用跳跃式再入方式。在跳跃式再入轨迹在线规划或预测制导中,如何快速准确地预测初次再入段纵程是一个非常关键的问题。针对这一问题,研究提出一种解析预测方法:利用匹配渐进展开方法得到再入纵向运动方程的闭型近似解;将初次再入段轨迹分为三段,第一段采用高度作为积分自变量,并利用复合梯形公式得到纵程,第二段和第三段分别采用二次多项式来拟合阻力加速度-能量剖面,根据近似解结果反解出多项式系数,并将得到的阻力加速度倒数-能量函数进行积分,得到第二段和第三段的纵程;对解析预测方法的精度和计算效率进行分析,结果表明该方法计算精度较高,速度快,可用于跳跃式再入轨迹的在线规划和制导。