Militarisation of cooperation against mass migration – the Central European Defence Cooperation (CEDC)

As a result of the migration crisis of 2015–2016, the management of mass migration and border control became militarised in Central Europe, and this process has also reshaped the dynamics of multinational defence cooperation in the region. Accordingly, while the so-called Central European Defence Cooperation (CEDC) was created by Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia in 2010 to support NATO and EU capability development projects via defence cooperation, after the migration crisis it became the major Central European forum for military cooperation against irregular mass migration. Although many defence officials in the region are not necessarily enthusiastic about this development, the Central European political environment and also practical defence considerations pushed the defence ministries of CEDC countries towards deeper cooperation on border control, as well as better coordination with ministries of interior affairs on the national and the regional levels.     

Effective in battle: conceptualizing soldiers’ combat effectiveness*

How do we understand combat effectiveness – soldiers’ performance in battle? Despite the broad consensus that understanding combat effectiveness is important both for scholars and policymakers, there is widespread disagreement about what combat effectiveness is. More specifically, studies of effectiveness tend to focus on either the skill of soldiers in battle, or their will to fight. Yet both skill and will are essential components of an effective fighting force. This article argues that understanding combat effectiveness requires understanding both of these key components of effectiveness. In other words, combat effectiveness requires both the skill and will to engage the enemy in an organized manner. It then demonstrates the usefulness of this conceptualization by applying it to the cases of British, Indian, and Australian forces fighting the Japanese during the Second World War. Only when scholars are talking about the same concept will our understanding of the conditions under which militaries are effective in battle progress. By comparing different units fighting the same opponent under the same material conditions, I demonstrate that units vary both in their combat skill and their will to fight, and that understanding their effectiveness in battle requires analyzing both of these key factors.     

舰船主动力装置故障隔离与参数估计方法

针对舰船主动力装置结构复杂、故障种类多和系统不确定性等故障诊断问题,提出采用基于双因果键合图模型的定量故障隔离与参数估计方法。根据系统传感器配置方案,建立双因果键合图模型,通过因果路径分析,推导得到系统解析冗余关系,并获得故障特征矩阵。建立系统线性分式变换键合图模型,开展故障仿真,将其与双因果键合图模型耦合,在MATLAB/Simulink环境中进行仿真试验,实现了舰船主动力装置的故障隔离与参数估计。结果表明：对双因果键合图模型因果路径分析,可以避免手动推导系统解析冗余关系的繁杂过程;基于其部件构造方程的分析可以有效实现系统故障隔离与参数估计,实时跟踪和预测故障状态。     

舰船轴频电场产生机理及控制技术

为了减小舰船轴频电场信号,在深入分析尾轴结构的基础上,建立轴频电场等效电路模型,明确碳刷和滑环接触电阻的波动是轴频电场产生的主要因素。在对主动式轴接地(Active Shaft Grounding,ASG)系统原理进行分析的基础上,研制了原理样机,并进行了实验室船模试验和海上实船试验。试验结果表明:所研制的ASG系统能有效抑制滑环和碳刷接触电阻变化所引起的轴频电场信号,抵消效果可达90%以上,且当轴地等效电阻在回路中的比例较大时,ASG系统开启后,将导致静电场信号增加。对ASG系统输出电流的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:ASG系统的最大输出电流与阴极保护状态密切相关,与航速关系不大。     

电磁发射用脉冲功率电源放电建模分析

为高效研究电磁发射用脉冲功率电源放电性能,为电磁发射提供技术支持,降低研发成本,电磁发射过程的相关建模与仿真工作需要重点研究。对弹丸在轨道中实际运动物理过程建立数学模型,对脉冲功率电源建立电路模型,采用联合两种模型的方法对脉冲功率电源放电系统进行研究,提出一种基于发射过程多物理现象的脉冲功率电源放电系统仿真模型。通过实验验证了提出方法的有效性,为后续脉冲功率电源放电研究提供了依据。     

Trilateral defence cooperation in the North: an assessment of interoperability between Norway,Sweden and Finland

Norway, Sweden and Finland have proclaimed a willingness to cooperate militarily in a future crisis or conflict despite their diverging alliance affiliation. This article assesses their ability to do so through various elements affecting their interoperability, with Arctic Challenge, a multinational military exercise, as an empirical basis. The analysis finds that the NATO/non-NATO-divide has a negative impact on the trilateral defence cooperation, especially on exchange of information and aspects related to command and control. At the same time, Finland and Sweden have become largely NATO-standardized through their active partnership with the Alliance. This has affected interoperability aspects, such as communication, culture, and the compatibility of technical solutions, in a positive manner. Through agreements with the Alliance, as well as domestic legal changes, the two NATO-partners have facilitated receiving military assistance from Norway and other NATO-members during a crisis. Other agreements between the Nordic countries, however, have been limited to peacetime.     

Information sharing in multinational security and military operations. Why and why not? With whom and with whom not?

Military operations increasingly require cooperation between agencies within the same nation, but also collaboration with security and military organizations internationally. Throughout history multinational military cooperation has often been an appropriate way to conduct major operations; national manpower and material resources are generally insufficient to address the demands of missions worldwide. The desire to optimize the use of scarce research and development and investment capabilities, the need for international legitimacy and political support, and the fact that today’s risks transcend national borders, have rendered multinational cooperation in the security domain unavoidable. With joint operations comes the requirement for multi-partner- and multinational information sharing. However, information sharing has both advantages and costs, and is subject to both enabling factors as well as barriers. This paper reflects on theories, both classical and current, as well as empirical case studies, to examine the pros and cons of multinational information sharing, and the factors that conduce or interfere with the transmission and the receipt of intelligence. The importance of a holistic approach and of learning lessons learned are two key lessons gleaned from the analysis, along with an emphasis on developing both the organizational and the interpersonal enablers of information sharing.     

现役制边防检查行政执法问题浅析

现役制出入境边防检查体制与建国初期的国际国内形势相适应,并在当时的历史环境下发挥了重要作用。在全球信息、经济、交流一体化和改革开放的大环境下,面对建设社会主义法治国家的要求,现役制也暴露出诸多不足。从现役制这一特点出发,分析现役制出入境边防检查行政执法的一些基本法律问题,为执法规范化建设和构建中国特色边防检查管理体系与制度作了一些探讨。     

概率风险评估在核电站消防安全管理中的应用

介绍了概率风险评估与火灾概率风险评估的基本概念,详细论述了概率风险评估的主要内容及其在核电站火灾安全管理中的应用。     

我国军事权的宪法规制

在我国,军事权是国家权力体系中一项独立的权力,它是中央军事委员会及其所属各级军事机关依照宪法授权而享有的对武装力量进行统率和管理的一切支配力的总和。我国历史上出现过的十几部宪法或宪法性文件均对其作出了规定。现行的＂八二宪法＂更是对军事权的权力来源、权力主体、权力范围、权力结构、启动程序和行使结果进行了较为完善的规制。在这些宪法规制的框架下,我们寻求着军事权的＂增强＂与＂节制＂这对二律背反的精妙平衡。