自适应交互多模型算法在机动目标跟踪中的应用

针对多模型算法在机动目标跟踪中存在的问题,运用交互多模型算法(IMM)和自适应滤波理论,设计了一种自适应交互多模型算法(AIMM),结合目标运动模型对目标当前加速度和其方差进行估计,并在此基础上给出了AIMM中模型集和模型转移概率的设计方法,进行了计算机仿真.蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,与标准IMM算法相比,该算法比IMM算法的跟踪性能有很大提高,跟踪复杂机动目标比IMM有更快的收敛速度,跟踪滞后问题得到较好的解决,跟踪目标的稳定性和精确性均优于IMM算法,有利于机动目标的实时跟踪.     

遥感影像中采用多维特征的目标定位检测

给出一种在复杂场景的遥感影像中定位人造目标的方法,通过提取多种有利于检测人造目标的特征,并将其组合成特征矢量,采用非参数的均值漂移聚类方法进行分割,从而把目标从复杂场景中分离出来,通过检测影像中的房屋建筑物,结果表明该方法具有很好的稳健性和自动性。     

Investigation on the spatial distribution characteristics of behind-armor debris formed by the perforation of EFP through steel target

The behind-armor debris (BAD) formed by the perforation of an EFP is the main damage factor for the secondary destruction to the behind-armor components. Aiming at investigating the BAD caused by EFP, flash X-ray radiography combined with an experimental witness plate test method was used, and the FEM-SPH adaptive conversion algorithm in LS-DYNA software was employed to model the perforation process. The simulation results of the debris cloud shape and number of debris were in good agreement with the flash X-ray radiographs and perforated holes on the witness plate, respectively. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of EFP's penetration under various impact conditions were conducted. The results show that, an ellipsoidal debris cloud, with the major-to-minor axis radio (a/b) smaller than that caused by shaped charge jets, was formed behind the target. With the increase of target thickness (h) and decrease of impact velocity (v₀) and obliquity (θ), the value of a/b decreases. The number of debris ejected from target is significantly higher than that from EFP. Based on the statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the BAD, An engineering calculation model was established considering the influence of h, v₀ and θ. The model can with reasonable accuracy predict the quantity and velocity distribution characteristics of BAD formed by EFP.     

A novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,minimum mean square variance criterion and least mean square adaptive filter

Underwater acoustic signal processing is one of the research hotspots in underwater acoustics. Noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals is the key to underwater acoustic signal processing. Owing to the complexity of marine environment and the particularity of underwater acoustic channel, noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals has always been a difficult challenge in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing. In order to solve the dilemma, we proposed a novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), minimum mean square variance criterion (MMSVC) and least mean square adaptive filter (LMSAF). This noise reduction technique, named CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF, has three main advantages: (i) as an improved algorithm of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble EMD (EEMD), CEEMDAN can better suppress mode mixing, and can avoid selecting the number of decomposition in variational mode decomposition (VMD); (ii) MMSVC can identify noisy intrinsic mode function (IMF), and can avoid selecting thresholds of different permutation entropies; (iii) for noise reduction of noisy IMFs, LMSAF overcomes the selection of decomposition number and basis function for wavelet noise reduction. Firstly, CEEMDAN decomposes the original signal into IMFs, which can be divided into noisy IMFs and real IMFs. Then, MMSVC and LMSAF are used to detect identify noisy IMFs and remove noise components from noisy IMFs. Finally, both denoised noisy IMFs and real IMFs are reconstructed and the final denoised signal is obtained. Compared with other noise reduction techniques, the validity of CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF can be proved by the analysis of simulation signals and real underwater acoustic signals, which has the better noise reduction effect and has practical application value. CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF also provides a reliable basis for the detection, feature extraction, classification and recognition of underwater acoustic signals.     

海底小目标数据库功能和运用方法研究

利用海底小目标数据库中的数据信息辅助探猎雷作战,可以摆脱传统探猎雷作战行动中的盲目性,优化反水雷作战流程,有效提高反水雷作战效率。如何科学构建数据库功能,合理设计数据存储、查询和调用的方式方法,以充分发挥各类探测数据的潜在作用,对辅助反水雷战术指挥决策具有重要意义。本文根据海底小目标对探猎雷作战的影响,提出目标位置比对、声纳图像比对、探测态势比对和数据统计分析是海底小目标数据库所应具备的主要功能,结合探猎雷过程中的典型作战环节,阐述了各项功能的基本运用方法和实现手段,指出数据的“量”“质”以及采集规范和维护管理制度,均是数据库建设的重要前提,并对建设数据库所应具备的保障条件进行了 说明。     

【专题】水际岸滩沉船顽固障碍破除方法研究

本文针对水际岸滩沉船顽固障碍难以破除的现实课题,通过列举沉船顽固障碍的危害性,分析了其碍障作用机理,探索和总结了一套平战时敌沉船顽固障碍定位标识的数据库,并对几种常用的破除方法进行了可行性分析。为增强对沉船顽固障碍碍航的直接认识,本文从实战角度分析近年来因碰触沉船而发生的现实事故,提出了优先回避原则,据此可避开沉船等障碍物规划编队航行路线。此外,紧急作战情况时若发现沉船顽固障碍,出于航道有限或战法需要,必须对沉船顽固障碍物进行破坏清除。目前沉船顽固障碍清除的方法主要有快速打捞或者移位法、水下爆破辅以水下切割的解体法、依托陆军现有爆破装备破除法以及联合引导空海火力清除法四种方法。 [关键词] 沉船顽固障碍;作用机理;探测定位;破坏清除     

考虑禁飞区的高超声速飞行器再入跟踪控制

为确立高超声速飞行器再入精确模型,参考NASA的研究数据对动力学方程中的气动参数进行拟合。基于飞行器结构的相关性质及战略应用背景,加入热流密度、动压、过载和禁飞区等参考约束的限制,融合成强非线性、复杂耦合的最优控制问题。采用改进自适应伪谱法求解模型所构建的微分方程组,通过设置自适应网格细化与配点,使单位时间内状态变量和控制变量波动过大的时间区间被进一步细划,并利用SNOPT求解器解算出符合条件的最优轨迹。设计闭环控制器,实现对最优轨迹的姿态变化的跟踪,测试系统的性能并进行评估。仿真结果表明:整个再入过程中,飞行器速度下降过程偏于平稳,再入轨迹可以满足约束条件,在避开禁飞区的同时取得最大横向航程;三通道角速度收敛可控,对姿态的跟踪较理想,控制器基本可以实现精确调姿。     

共址调频和调幅系统干扰机理及干扰抑制需求分析

以调幅和调频电台为研究对象,对共平台接收电台前端低噪声放大器的非线性进行精确建模,分别对调幅电台和调频电台的干扰抑制需求进行解析,并通过数值仿真对解析模型进行验证。结果表明:所提解析模型较现有模型更为准确;当有用信号功率、噪声功率和干扰功率相同时,调幅通信系统的干扰抑制需求高于调频通信系统。     

基于正态分布曲线的分段式变步长LMS算法

针对传统最小均方误差(Least Mean Square, LMS)自适应滤波算法由于步长固定,在解决稳态误差与收敛性之间的关系时,始终处于矛盾状态的问题,在对传统的固定步长LMS自适应滤波算法分析的基础上,根据变步长LMS自适应滤波算法的步长调整原则,通过构造步长因子与误差信号的非线性函数,提出了一种基于正态分布曲线的分段式变步长LMS自适应滤波算法,并分析了参数取值对算法性能的影响。针对实际信号处理过程中参考信号难以选取的问题,提出了一种基于分裂阵的参考信号选取方法。理论和海试数据分析结果表明:该算法的收敛速度和稳态误差明显优于固定步长的LMS自适应滤波算法和基于Sigmoid函数的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法。     

火炮身管内膛疵病检测现状与展望

简要回顾了火炮身管内膛疵病的光学检测方法及其局限性,详细介绍了目前重点研究的光电窥膛检测方法,分析了取得的成果和存在的问题。对火炮身管内膛疵病检测的发展方向进行了预测与展望,指出基于机器视觉的研究是一个新的方向。探讨了今后的研究思路,提出首要的任务是在软件方面实现“采集一识别一判定”的自动运行,为此需要重点研究疵病检测的机器视觉图像信息、图像的纹理特征分析技术、疵病评定体系等3方面的内容。