The UK defence electronics industry: adjusting to change

The electronics industry provides components and capabilities that are critical to modern defence requirements. It is anticipated that the effectiveness of both weapons systems and the command and control network that supports military operations will become increasingly dependent upon the electronics sub‐systems they employ in the future. With the ascendancy of ‘network centric warfare’, it seems certain that defence electronics will continue to grow in importance in the future, enabling far‐reaching advances in military capability and efficiency. Yet little is known about the structure, conduct, performance and competitiveness of the UK defence electronics sector as it prepares to meet the challenges ahead. This paper reports the findings of a study commissioned in 2002 by Intellect, the UK defence electronics trade association, and supported by the Department of Trade and Industry. The UK defence electronics industry is found to be a high technology, R&D‐intensive and decreasing cost industry, which is competitive in world defence markets. The UK industry faces major competitive threats in the future from established US and European firms and from potential new entrants from China, India, Israel, Singapore, South Korea and Turkey. The future competitiveness of the UK defence electronics industry will depend on maintaining both technical advantage and open access to the large US market.     

基于ExtendSim的高炮群作战效能仿真分析

构建了高炮部队抗空袭作战仿真流程,并在特定作战条件下基于ExtendSim建立了高炮群雷达诸元法抗击敌空袭目标的作战仿真模型,对火控雷达组网工作模式下的扇形和线性配置的高炮群作战效能进行了仿真分析,结果表明在火控雷达组网模式下,高炮群整体探测范围增大,作战反应时间延长,提高了部队作战效能。     

火力作战目标决策分析

为满足火力作战多样化的任务需求,结合对火力作战行动有效作用空间的具体解析,对其目标决策进行了深入的分析,在把握时代特征的同时,较为系统地总结出火力作战目标决策的新要求、新方法和新流程,为信息化条件下组织筹划火力作战提供建设性理论参考。     

反潜水雷陷阱及其效能模型

针对传统反潜手段的不足,结合水雷武器特点,提出了利用水雷与诱饵相结合,构建反潜水雷陷阱打击潜艇的新思路。以圆弧形反潜水雷陷阱为重点,建立了陷阱的效能计算模型,并根据目标潜艇进入陷阱时的航向、航迹偏差等因素对陷阱打击效能的影响,对陷阱的效能模型进行了修正,以提高模型的适应性。最后,利用陷阱效能模型进行了仿真计算和分析,计算结果表明了这种反潜水雷陷阱的可行性及其效能计算模型的正确性。     

采用无线携能技术的中继辅助CR-NOMA系统能效分析

针对现有关于认知无线电非正交多址接入网络的研究中终端电池容量有限和能源利用率低的缺点,采用了中继辅助用户进行传输,并且引入无线信息和能量同时传输的方式。在用户服务质量和最小能量捕获的约束条件下推导了次用户传输能效表达式,通过分式规划方法把非凸的目标函数转化为优化中继发射功率、中继功率分配和接收端功率分配三个凸的单目标问题,并分别用函数单调性、黄金分割算法、拉格朗日对偶算法和多目标联合优化算法进行优化,求得了全局最优解,使次用户系统传输能效最大化。对所采用的算法复杂度进行分析,仿真结果表明:与传统的正交多址接入方案相比较,在提高系统频谱利用率的同时,次用户传输能效有47%的提高。     

无人机飞行训练资源配置效率的AHP-Arena综合评价方法

为降低传统层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)赋权过程主观片面性影响,提出了一种综合AHP与Arena仿真建模技术的无人机训练资源配置效率评价方法。基于飞行训练流程分析,确定了训练资源配置效率影响因素和效率评价指标,建立了层次型综合评价体系,概括了AHP-Arena综合评价步骤。利用Arena建模软件构建训练流程动态仿真系统并验证有效性,采用单变量数值仿真法、均方差决策法完成了影响因素客观赋权,通过线性加权综合法得出综合评价系数,实现资源配置效率评价与方案优选。实例应用说明了该方法的有效性,同时,该方法可推广至其他类似的训练过程中,亦可为其他多因素、多指标评价决策过程提供借鉴。     

密集环境中无人机协同机动飞行运动规划方法综述

从单无人机机动飞行向多机协同扩展的通用规划框架出发,介绍了其中各模块相关研究的基本原理、代表性方法和前沿研究,主要包括用于环境障碍感知的实时导航地图构建、离散空间的路径规划、连续空间的轨迹规划、基于离散连续混合空间的规划、多航迹或轨迹的协同规划。综合无人机通用规划框架的关键技术,提出了无人机协同机动规划下一步需要重点研究的方向。     

Autonomous maneuver decision-making for a UCAV in short-range aerial combat based on an MS-DDQN algorithm

To solve the problem of realizing autonomous aerial combat decision-making for unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) rapidly and accurately in an uncertain environment, this paper proposes a decision-making method based on an improved deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm: the multi-step double deep Q-network (MS-DDQN) algorithm. First, a six-degree-of-freedom UCAV model based on an aircraft control system is established on a simulation platform, and the situation assessment functions of the UCAV and its target are established by considering their angles, altitudes, environments, missile attack performances, and UCAV performance. By controlling the flight path angle, roll angle, and flight velocity, 27 common basic actions are designed. On this basis, aiming to overcome the defects of traditional DRL in terms of training speed and convergence speed, the improved MS-DDQN method is introduced to incorporate the final return value into the previous steps. Finally, the pre-training learning model is used as the starting point for the second learning model to simulate the UCAV aerial combat decision-making process based on the basic training method, which helps to shorten the training time and improve the learning efficiency. The improved DRL algorithm significantly accelerates the training speed and estimates the target value more accurately during training, and it can be applied to aerial combat decision-making.     

着眼信息化条件下作战需求充分发挥军队律师职能作用

信息化条件下作战对战争各要素提出了更多更高的要求,法律支持与保障作用凸显、不可或缺。作为军事行动法律保障的专业力量,军队律师唯有积极应对战场环境透明化、军事打击快速化、作战行动精确化的作战特点,坚持运用为主,做好平战转化,紧贴作战需求,提供及时、精准的全程化和全方位法律保障,才能充分发挥其职能作用,运用法律武器确保作战意图的最终达成。     

‘Full spectrum dominance’: Donald Rumsfeld,the Department of Defense,and US irregular warfare strategy, 2001–2008

This article examines the evolution of US irregular warfare (IW) doctrine and practice from 2001 onwards. It argues that, after 9/11, top-tier civilian policymakers in the US Department of Defense (DoD) and across the US government developed a heightened awareness of asymmetric threats and non-conventional forms of warfare, especially those shaped by contemporary globalisation. The result was a gradual turn towards irregular warfare, led by Rumsfeld and the DoD, designed to ensure ‘full spectrum dominance’ across all modes of conflict. This pre-dated the insurgency in Iraq and the promotion of counterinsurgency in the US Army by General David Petraeus and others. Policymakers' reluctance to acknowledge the insurgency in Iraq was not down to a failure to understand the concept of IW, but because they had viewed Iraq in conventional terms for so many years and were reluctant to admit their mistake.