预冷却引射系统性能一维分析

根据引射器的一维设计理论可知,二次流在进入混合室之前进行预冷降温可以提高引射效率,增大引射系数,但引入预冷器会同时引起流动损失,故需要对引射系统进行性能评估。针对设有预冷器的引射系统,应用一维理论分析预冷对系统性能的影响,重点分析预冷增强效果与流阻减弱效果对引射效率的作用。研究发现:预冷器对引射系统同时带来冷却增强作用和流阻减弱作用,横截面积和换热面积是主要影响因素。预冷器存在临界横截面积,横截面积大于临界值时,换热面积越大,引射性能越高;反之,换热面积越大,引射性能越低。等压混合引射方案比等截面混合引射方案性能高,前者引射系数比后者大60%;预冷却能够有效提高引射性能,尤其是等截面混合引射方案,性能提高可达35.5%。     

基于核与灰度的区间灰数多属性群决策方法

针对属性值为区间灰数且专家权重未知、属性权重部分已知的不确定多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于区间灰数的核和灰度的决策方法。给出了区间灰数的基于核和灰度的简化形式,充分利用区间灰数的核和灰度的信息建立优化模型求得属性的权重。在求出属性权重的基础上,运用灰色关联方法分别求取各专家的核与灰度距理想方案值的关联系数,综合两者得到专家权重,最终综合专家意见并对方案比较排序得出最优结果。鉴于此,提出一种基于区间灰数相对核与灰度的决策方法。最后以一个算例验证该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于复杂网络的武器装备体系贡献度评估分析方法

根据结构决定功能的系统论观点,基于复杂网络理论对武器装备作战体系网络的拓扑结构进行了分析,构建了基于不确定性自信息量的武器装备作战体系作战效能分析模型,提出了计算武器装备体系贡献度的方法,并通过算例验证,探讨了网络结构演化及度量参数改变对武器装备体系贡献度的影响,为武器装备体系贡献度评估分析提供了技术支撑。     

Too much Western bias? The need for a more culturally adaptable approach to post-conflict security sector reform

The existing guidelines for security sector reform (SSR) tend to draw on theoretical work in the field of civil–military relations, which in turn has been derived from Western, liberal democratic models of governance. Although guidelines strongly advise that local culture and context need to be considered when drawing up objectives for post-conflict SSR programmes, this is not often reflected in practice. This article considers some of the reasons for this, citing both in-country challenges and donor-related issues, and suggests that one of the biggest problems is a lack of alternative, non-orthodox models of civil–military relations to draw upon. It is further suggested that elements of suitable alternative models may be found in states which possess political structures not entirely dissimilar to the Western, liberal democratic ideal, but which can offer different perspectives. Detailed research of these structures should produce a pool of sub-models which could then be employed to create bespoke, culturally appropriate objectives for use in post-conflict SSR programmes.     

“Effing” the military: a political misunderstanding of management

The use of commercial business management techniques is widespread in all government departments, including the Ministry of Defence. This article examines the use of popular management techniques in the Armed Forces and argues that their application is misplaced. It looks at what the “effs” – “efficiency” and “effectiveness” – mean in the business world and to the Armed Forces. It compares the definitions both in business and the Armed Forces and finds that there are few, if any, situations where the same measurements can be applied. Whilst many management techniques are suited for business, the function of the Armed Forces and its output cannot be measured in the same way, complicated by the different metrics of “efficiency” in peace and in war. This difference may not be clearly understood by some politicians, or indeed by some senior military personnel. Using examples from some of the most popular management techniques such as “Lean” and “Agile” it is possible to see that their use might actually diminish the capabilities of the Armed Forces when it comes to performing their principal role – the use of force to achieve political objectives.     

加快推动国防科技和武器装备军民融合发展

国防科技和武器装备领域是军民融合发展的重点,也是衡量军民融合发展水平的重要标志。加快国防科技和武器装备军民融合发展,是保军强军的重要支撑,更关乎国家安全和发展一系列重大问题,必须从战略高度深刻领会其全局意义,以清醒头脑研判国防科技和武器装备军民融合发展形势,用务实举措推动国防科技和武器装备军民融合创新发展。     

从大国博弈视角解读与应对第三次抵消战略

在常规军力优势相对衰落、经费预算日益缩紧的背景下,美军为维持其军事霸权,提出了旨在实现兵力全球自由投送的第三次抵消战略(Third Offset Strategy)。通过梳理抵消战略的现实背景、历史沿革和战略目的,我们发现如果把第三次抵消战略简单视作美军的军事技术发展战略甚至军事战略,就会陷入片面而幼稚的认识误区。除了防范潜在的技术诱骗和技术突袭,更应该从大国博弈的战略视角出发,全面审视和应对第三次抵消战略对我国的挑战。美军实现国家利益的需求导向、自我变革的决心勇气和创新能力、科技兴军的先进理念和以军为主的军民融合成功经验值得借鉴。要以我为主参与制定未来战争的"游戏规则",做到"你打你的,我打我的";要深入研究美军作战体系和美国国家战略的薄弱环节,有针对性地"攻其所必救",从而化解重大安全挑战,争得新的战略机遇期。     

解读《2017美国海军陆战队航空建设计划》

海军陆战队是美军在海外执行任务的主要作战力量,其发展建设的重点将决定未来美军的海外战略重心。本文以《2017年美国海军陆战队航空兵建设计划》的主要内容为研究对象,概述了未来美国海军陆战队作战的总体构想,对美国海军陆战队主要更新换代的海空装备进行了研究分析,总结了美军海军陆战队航空建设的启示。以分析结果为依据,对未来美军的战略重心进行了判断。     

运用“五种思维”提升部队指挥员应急处置能力

运用底线思维、辩证思维、创新思维、战略思维和历史思维五种思维有效提高部队指挥员应急处置的安全防控能力、决策能力、应变能力、控制能力和学习能力。     

军人心理训练的实证研究及其思考

军人心理训练,作为一种将心理训练与战斗力相结合的新型训练模式,是军人提升心理能力、培育素质素养的重要途径。通过概述军人心理训练的内涵和方法,梳理实证研究的研究现状,为拓展军人心理训练领域研究、深化训练应用实效提出思考。