Towards a Humanitarian Military Ethics: Moral Autonomy,Integrity and Obligations in the British and German Armed Forces

Humanitarian operations may pose challenges to which armed forces prepared for warfighting seem rather ill-equipped. It is the aim of this article to examine in what way military ethics should be adapted to humanitarian tasks. Two ideal types of military ethics are defined here: warfighting and humanitarian. The warfighting ethic is supposed to maximise the utility of the military in war and combat and to that end utilises the virtues of loyalty and honour. In contrast, humanitarian obligations require to a larger extent the development of personal integrity and an ability to follow one’s own conscience. The adaptation of military ethics is demonstrated in the case studies of the UK armed forces and the German Bundeswehr. Whereas the moral code of the UK armed forces remains anchored in the principles of the warfighting ethic, the case of the Bundeswehr presents a military ethic closely approximating the humanitarian ideal type.     

The underlying causes of military outsourcing in the USA and UK: bridging the persistent gap between ends,ways and means since the beginning of the Cold War

This article reappraises the two most-studied country cases of military outsourcing: the USA and the UK. It argues that the contemporary wave of military contracting stretches back to the beginning of the cold war and not only to the demobilisation of armies in the 1990s or the neoliberal reforms introduced since the 1980s. It traces the political, technological and ideational developments that laid the groundwork for these reforms and practices since the early cold war and account for its endurance today. Importantly, it argues that a persistent gap between strategic objectives and resources, i.e. the challenge to reconcile ends and means, is an underlying driver of military contracting in both countries. Contemporary contracting is thus most closely tied to military support functions in support of wider foreign and defence political objectives. Security services in either state may not have been outsourced so swiftly, if at all, without decades of experience in outsourcing military logistics functions and the resultant vehicles, processes and familiarities with public-private partnerships. The article thus provides a wider and deeper understanding of the drivers of contractualisation, thereby improving our understanding of both its historical trajectory and the determinants of its present and potential futures.     

European defence industry consolidation and domestic procurement bias

How have European cross-border defence industrial mergers and acquisitions affected domestic procurement bias among the major EU powers? This article departs from the findings of Andrew Moravcsik more than two decades ago suggesting that major West European states had no ingrained preferences for defence industrial autarchy. When cross-national armament projects were derailed, this could be attributed to political efforts of national defence industrial champions favouring purely domestic projects. As former national champions join pan-European defence groups, their preferences are likely modified. Does this shift procurement towards non-European “off-the-shelf” solutions which, according to Moravcsik, are favoured by defence departments? Or does it give impetus to a stronger preference for European as opposed to domestic systems? In this article, procurement patterns in the aftermath of cross-border defence industry consolidation will be analysed. Procurement bias is assessed in two industry segments characterised by pervasive consolidation.     

阈下听觉技术研究及其应用

从网络空间侦察能力、指挥控制能力、精确攻击能力、防御能力和评估能力等五个方面,对网络空间支援力量的核心支援能力进行了系统论述,提出建设军队网络支援力量、应对网络空间安全威胁的新思考和新观点。研究认为,当前我军在网络空间的安全意识、核心技术、均衡发展等方面面临严峻困难。为实现网络强国的奋斗目标,需要加强国家网络安全的顶层设计,增强网络技术自主创新能力,强化军民融合式建设和系统常态的攻防训练等。     

美军军官职业军事教育政策探析

美军在军事人才培养的体系构筑、目标设定、课目设置等方面有着众多独到之处。《军官职业军事教育政策》是美军规范军官职业军事教育的指导性文件,研究掌握其核心内容的发展演变,从中提取美军职业教育改革的先进理念和成熟做法,可为我军军事职业教育建设提供经验借鉴。     

双机空战模拟结果评判研究

定义了空战模拟结果指标-空战结果矢量和取胜矢量,推导了基于武器杀伤概率的取胜矢量计算方法,为定量研究作战飞机空战效能提供了依据。     

从美国三大主力战斗机发展看战斗机的发展动向

以美国 2 1世纪列装的三大主力战斗机为背景 ,介绍了主力战斗机的研制情况 ,并对战斗机发展动向作了分析 ,指出以战斗机为主的飞机机群仍将是防空体系的主要威胁之一。     

弹体处理在提高战术弹道导弹弹头突防能力中的应用

针对美国战区导弹防御 (TMD)系统的特点 ,提出了提高中程战术弹道导弹弹头突防能力的弹体处理 (弹体分解 )方案。从弹头目标群的雷达辐射、红外辐射、减速等特性对弹体分解方案进行了分析和初步论证。最后演示了利用多目标突防挫败“战区高空区域防御”(THAAD)系统的过程     

NMD作战管理仿真模型框架设计

针对美国国家导弹防御系统NMD(nationalmissiledefence)的发展现状,重点分析了NMD作战管理系统模型的行为过程以及与其它系统模型的接口关系,设计了作战管理系统的模型体系框架,提出了将系统的行为过程描述和功能描述相分离的建模思路。     

防空导弹武器装备备件优化模型

根据防空导弹武器装备使用保障的特点 ,确定了影响备件配置的主要因素。采用装备战备可靠度和经济因素相结合的方法 ,研究并提出了备件优化模型。最后就其实际应用作了说明 ,以便于在实际装备中采用。