飞机图像导航数据库系统的设计与开发

运用图像导航原理,设计并实现了一套飞机图像导航数据库系统.系统将导航所需的信息和若干地区的地面图预先存放在数据库中的特定位置.用户只需在系统的可视化界面中进行少量的操作,该系统就能够在飞机航行的过程中实时地显示拍摄到地面图像,并将该图像与数据库中的相关图像进行特征匹配,从而获取并提供给用户飞机当时的位置、航速快慢及航向误差等导航信息.     

基于蚁群算法的被动目标定位算法

通过对蚁群算法的研究,用蚁群算法成功解决了无源测向定位中消除虚假点,对真实交点进行正确聚类的难题.并通过Matlab 仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性.同时该算法具有目标关联确率高、计算速度快、鲁棒性强等优点.     

Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface (FADS), an integrated guidance and control (IGC) approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile, which was robust to target maneuver, canard dynamic characteristics, and multiple constraints, such as impact angle, limited measurement of line of sight (LOS) angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. Initially, a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established, and extended state observer (ESO) was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system, including aerodynamic parameters perturbation, target maneuver and model errors. Secondly, aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law. Furthermore, combining with dynamic surface, which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws, the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law. Finally, the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded, rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.     

考虑落角约束与驾驶仪特性的自适应径向基空间末制导律

为使舰炮制导炮弹在打击近岸机动目标的末制导段满足落角约束,考虑驾驶仪动态特性,基于自适应径向基逼近网络与动态面提出一种空间末制导律。构建弹目相对运动模型,通过带改进微分跟踪器的扩张状态观测器估计目标加速度。为零化视线角跟踪误差与角速率,采用自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模,运用自适应径向基逼近网络削弱控制指令抖振。通过Lyapunov第二法证明了系统的视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率均最终一致有界。仿真实验表明:该末制导律使制导炮弹在空间中打击不同机动形式的近岸目标时,具备良好的末制导性能。     

基于特征值的单矢量水听器目标检测算法

针对水下目标检测在低信噪比与非平稳背景噪声情况下性能下降的问题,结合特征值检测算法原理,给出一种单矢量水听器联合信息互相关检测算法。该算法利用电子旋转导向角度与振速信息构成一种组合振速,并结合声压信息得到一种互相关值,在大快拍无信号条件下,该值满足渐进高斯分布;将该值除以解析振速与声压信息的协方差矩阵最小特征值,得到一种检测统计量;通过与门限值比较,实现目标检测。理论分析可见,所提检测算法无须背景噪声的先验信息,并且可以通过调节导向角度提高检测性能;在单目标情况下,利用检测统计量与导向角度的对应关系可实现目标方位估计。仿真与实测数据结果表明,相比于单矢量水听器最大最小特征值检测算法与能量检测算法,所提算法检测性能优良,适合于单矢量水听器目标预警检测。     

LiDAR点云纹理特征提取方法

针对图像纹理应用于LiDAR点云分类过程中存在的多义性问题,提出点云纹理特征的概念。该特征属性反映了点与其邻域点的属性值分布情况,提取过程基于KD树数据检索结构和灰度共生矩阵算法。分析搜索邻域、移动步长和灰度等级等参数对点云纹理特征的影响,并利用支持向量机分类方法验证点云纹理特征,可以有效地辅助高程和强度信息以改善LiDAR点云的地物分类结果。实验还证明了相比于栅格格式的图像纹理特征,点云纹理特征约束的地物分类具有更高的分类精度,并且点云纹理特征在微小地物的甄别和水陆的区分方面具有突出的能力。该特征的这些优秀特性可以为海岸带机载LiDAR数据的精细化分类、海岸带高精度DEM构建和海岸线提取等工作发挥重要作用。     

封面

通过求解零初始速度下的无控相对运动距离最小值,分析了圆参考轨道下航天器近距离相对悬停的被动安全特性。航天器相对悬停的被动安全特性可描述为处于受控悬停状态的航天器在控制力消失后的相对运动轨迹与目标禁飞区之间的空交集状态,该问题可转换为求解零初始速度下的相对运动距离最小值。由于初始位置的不同,相对距离最小值点可能位于整数倍周期极小值或非整数倍周期极小值点,通过分析两种类型极小值点的存在条件以及极小值点为最小值点的分界条件得到临界被动安全悬停区域的计算方法。针对典型的相对悬停场景,仿真分析了平面圆和三维球形禁飞区约束下临界安全悬停区域,评估了模型误差和J_2摄动对悬停被动安全特性的影响。该分析方法可为具有被动安全特性的近距离悬停任务设计提供指导。     

Competitive location and capacity decisions for firms serving time‐sensitive customers

In this article we explore how two competing firms locate and set capacities to serve time‐sensitive customers. Because customers are time‐sensitive, they may decline to place an order from either competitor if their expected waiting time is large. We develop a two‐stage game where firms set capacities and then locations, and show that three types of subgame perfect equilibria are possible: local monopoly (in which each customer is served by a single firm, but some customers may be left unserved), constrained local monopoly (in which firms serve the entire interval of customers but do not compete with each other), and constrained competition (in which firms also serve the entire interval of customers, but now compete for some customers). We perform a comparative statics analysis to illustrate differences in the equilibrium behavior of a duopolist and a coordinated monopolist. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

基于先验信息的分布式星载单基线SAR/ATI方法

在综述了分布式星载SAP/ATI技术的基础上,阐述了单基线SAP/ATI技术的原理和杂波、噪声对检测、测速性能的影响,给出了一种基于先验信息的单基线SAR/ATI检测和测速方法,最后基于多功能的天基雷达仿真系统进行了仿真实验和性能分析.     

一种改进的机动辐射源单站无源跟踪变维滤波算法

针对机动辐射源的单站无源跟踪问题,提出了一种利用多普勒频率变化率和角度测量,结合匀速(CV)模型和Singer模型对机动辐射源进行跟踪的改进变维滤波(VDF)自适应算法.在该方法中引入了模型最短生存期概念,即利用模型最短生存期和机动检测结果联合控制VDF模型切换,改善VDF的滤波性能.对改进VDF方法和交互多模型(IMM)方法进行了仿真比较,结果表明,改进VDF方法减小了运算量,能够得到与IMM方法相当甚至更好的跟踪效果.