Territoriality of radical Islam: comparative analysis of jihadist groups' approach to territory

ABSTRACT

The paper compares political territoriality of selected jihadist violent non-state actors. Looking at selected groups that attempted to control territory (Afghan Taliban, Al-Shabaab, the Islamic State), it attempts to establish a generalization regarding the use of territory by this type of violent non-state actors. To this end, it analyses connection of territory to groups´ security provision, economic activity, and identity. Despite many differences among the groups, it concludes that these groups often utilize both territorial and personal characteristics. Territoriality of these actors is reactive as they are unable to present a sustained control in contested regions.     

The effect of foreign state support to UNITA during the Angolan War (1975–1991)

ABSTRACT

State support for foreign rebel groups has become more salient, yet it remains unclear how this affects armed conflict. This paper therefore analyses the effect of foreign government assistance and does so in the typical case of the Angolan War (1975–1991). It argues that South African and United States support greatly helped the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) wage a large and sustained insurgency campaign but was ultimately insufficient to overthrow the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) government because it enabled the incumbent government to obtain similar foreign assistance and because the level of aid awarded to UNITA fluctuated strongly, preventing it from engaging in meaningful long-term planning.     

基于广义模糊函数的MIMO SAR分辨特性分析

多发多收合成孔径雷达（MIMO SAR）是近年来发展起来的一种新型雷达体制。与传统SAR相比,MIMO SAR综合利用了波形分集和空间分集优势,如何衡量系统的分辨特性以及模糊特性成为亟待解决的问题。本文将模糊函数概念推广到MIMO SAR性能分析中,通过数学推导获得了广义模糊函数的解析表示,结果表明MIMO SAR系统分辨率不仅取决于发射波形参数以及合成孔径长度,还与发射波形集的正交性以及收发天线阵列流形密切相关,仿真实验验证了系统模型的有效性和相应分析的正确性。     

GPS载体姿态测量中的整周模糊度的快速求解

全球定位系统 (GPS)的良好性能和便宜的价格为其在姿态测量领域的应用开辟了广阔的前景 ,GPS载体姿态测量技术也成为 GPS应用中的热门研究方向。以利用 GPS载波相位测量来确定载体姿态为背景 ,介绍了 GPS载波相位差分技术的基本原理 ,并针对其中的关键技术问题——载波相位整周模糊度的快速解算 ,叙述和建立了整周模糊度快速解算的具体方法。详细地介绍了载体姿态测量系统中基线的构置方案和求解载体姿态的基本算法 ,即利用基线长确定整周模糊度的初始解集 ,然后利用约束条件来剔除解集中的假解。     

关于民汉一体化施教之研究

新疆少数民族教育发展成就显著,已从数量规模的扩张转向质量水平的提升。新疆少数民族教育未来的发展要破除分民族办学施教的模式,走民汉师生融合,一体化施教之路。     

英语——多种语言汇总的结晶

英语作为一种国际通用语言 ,其起源、演变、发展的过程十分复杂。本文从英语的产生基础及人文因素对它的影响入手 ,阐述了现代英语的历史渊源 ,回顾了英语由日尔曼语族中的一个小语种发展成为当今全球性语言的艰难历程 ,指出英语是人民的语言 ,是多种语言汇总的结晶。     

宽带模糊函数的群论解释及小波变换求解

讨论了各种形式的宽带模糊函数,通过群论分析表明,它们都可解释为二维不可约仿射群U表示的矩阵系数,因此其性质可通过对仿射群的研究作出解释。还讨论了宽带模糊函数与小波变换的关系,并由此导出其高效的小波变换求解方法。     

歧义容忍度图式理论与英语听力教学

"听"是语言交流的基础.当前,由于受传统教学模式的影响,学生的英语听说能力不强.提高学生的歧义容忍度,有效运用图式理论,强化阅读理解能力等教学方法是提高学生听力的有效途径.     

Similar Strategies,Dissimilar Outcomes: an Appraisal of the Efficacy of Turkey's Coercive Diplomacy with Syria and in Northern Iraq

Several countries have used coercive diplomacy to dissuade sponsor-states from supporting non-state armed groups. This study argues that when a sponsor-state and a non-state armed group's common identity creates common aspirations and motives, coercive diplomacy towards the sponsor-state is unlikely to succeed in the long-term. To assess its efficacy, this research examines Turkey's strategy towards Syria in 1998 and in northern Iraq from 2007 onwards. Under the abovementioned conditions, it concludes that there has been no conclusive evidence for Turkey's assumption that its approach would succeed; therefore, it should utilise alternative strategies to coercive diplomacy.     

The creation of committed combatants

Theories on conflict behaviour regard armed groups as unitary actors whose members faithfully execute the orders of their leaders. Nevertheless, in reality mutinies, insubordination and fractionalisation occur. We argue that the faithful execution of orders depends on the level of organisational commitment of combatants. This level can be increased with the help of four management strategies. Using a dataset based on fieldwork in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we analyse the influence of each of these strategies. The Bayesian analyses show that recruitment, training and promotion has statistical reliable influence, but that providing rewards does not.