Emergency transshipment in decentralized dealer networks: When to send and accept transshipment requests

While there has been significant previous literature on inventory transshipment, most research has focused on the dealers' demand filling decision (when to fill transshipment requests from other dealers), ignoring the requesting decision (when to send transshipment requests to other dealers). In this paper we develop optimal inventory transshipment policies that incorporate both types of decisions. We consider a decentralized system in which the dealers are independent of the manufacturer and of each other. We first study a network consisting of a very large number of dealers. We prove that the optimal inventory and transshipment decisions for an individual dealer are controlled by threshold rationing and requesting levels. Then, in order to study the impact of transshipment among independent dealers in a smaller dealer network, we consider a decentralized two‐dealer network and use a game theoretic approach to characterize the equilibrium inventory strategies of the individual dealers. An extensive numerical study highlights the impact of the requesting decision on the dealers' equilibrium behavior in a decentralized setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

Country survey IX: Spain

From the early 1980s Spain embarked on a wide‐ranging process of military reform, from organisational changes to defence industrial policies. Investment in military equipment was set to grow, policies were drawn up to foster the domestic defence industrial base, defence R&D rocketed, and Spain joined a myriad of international arms development programmes. Yet, by 1991 the process of reform had run out of steam. Expenditure planning proved unreliable, and firms suffered from sharp cutbacks in procurement expenditure. The model of defence industrial growth sketched in the mid‐1980s had floundered. The Spanish case provides an example of how the quest to maximise defence procurement from domestic sources can fall victim to industrial and budgetary constraints. Spanish defence producers are now becoming increasingly intertwined with foreign defence companies.     

Estimating defence budget saving from disarmament: the United States’ case

Probing the technology in the production of US national defence by using a dynamic cost‐function model with adjustment costs, this paper evaluates the effect of reducing the level of national defence on the defence budget saving. Our inquiry involves estimating the defence production structure without output data for non‐market goods that are normally unavailable. Our findings include: (i) the United States behaves rationally to minimize cost in the production of national defence; (ii) the adjustment costs are larger in disarmament than in military build‐up; (iii) due to the adjustment costs peculiar to disarmament, the defence budget saving from disarmament appears small, but cutbacks allow great savings on the defence budget.     

高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗模型研究

摘要：高炮群是我军要地防空工作中的重要环节,其弹药预测结果的精准程度将直接影响到弹药保障工作的顺利进行．针对弹药的消耗问题,进行了针对具体作战任务的高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗模型研究,从问题分析、建立数学模型、仿真求解模型以及结果分析四个方面分析了高炮系统火力单元弹药消耗情况．仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的建模精度,从而验证了方法的有效性．     

基于CREAM的后方仓库叉车装卸运输弹药HRA评估

针对我军后方仓库弹药装卸运输环节对人员叉车操作的安全性需求,设计出了叉车操作测试场地路线,归纳总结了人员操作叉车进行弹药装卸运输环节中的安全失效形式及失效原因,构建了HRA评估数学模型．选取我军某后方仓库搬运机械建制班人员为对象,进行了实地测试,得到了弹药装卸运输环节的人为失误概率．测试结果表明,基于CREAM方法能够较好地解决后方仓库弹药装卸运输环节人为失误概率的量化问题．     

弹药物资储备布局规划仿真模型＊

介绍了当前弹药物资储备布局规划的现状,对其涉及的要素进行分析,构建了弹药物资储备布局规划网络模型。在此基础上提出了分析模型,将弹药物资布局规划求解问题描述为有约束条件的多目标优化数学模型,解决了各仓库弹药存储量难以预测的问题,并通过实验进行了验证分析。     

试论生产社会化与社会主义所有制改革

生产社会化是建立社会主义制度的物质基础。不摘清“生产社会化”的本质特征、客观要求,就不可能对社会主义所有制改革指出正确的发展方向。本文从我国生产社会化实际状况出发,探讨了生产社会化范畴的内涵。外延及本质要求,对社会主义所有制改革提出了具有一定意义和现实作用的见解。     

不用标准弹和弹道炮进行弹药弹道性能检验研究

本文针对目前实行的弹药弹道性能检验中遇到的困难,分析了弹药弹道性能检验中引起弹道性能变化的诸因素,提出了不用标准弹、不用弹道炮进行弹药弹道性能检验的新方法,依此设想,以130mm加农炮0号装药为试验对象进行了试验研究。     

论兵团人法律信仰的培育

尊重法律、信仰法律是兵团实现法治的精神意蕴,也是兵团能否真正实现法治化的支撑点。本文以兵团“四五”普法为契机,概括了兵团人法律信仰的现状及存在的问题,分析其成因,并提出培育兵团人法律信仰的主要途径。     

Technical note: Worst‐case performance of power‐of‐two policies for serial inventory systems with incremental quantity discounts

This study presents power‐of‐two policies for a serial inventory system with constant demand rate and incremental quantity discounts at the most upstream stage. It is shown that an optimal solution is nested and follows a zero‐inventory ordering policy. To prove the effectiveness of power‐of‐two policies, a lower bound on the optimal cost is obtained. A policy that has a cost within 6% of the lower bound is developed for a fixed base planning period. For a variable base planning period, a 98% effective policy is provided. An extension is included for a system with price dependent holding costs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007