成败型产品验收试验方案研究

在可靠性定型试验的基础上,利用多层贝叶斯方法确定批产品可靠性指标的先验分布,从而制定出成败型产品可靠性验收试验的一种贝叶斯方案.给出利用定型试验信息确定产品可靠性指标先验分布的方法.这种验收方法充分利用了产品定型试验中的先验信息,在确保有较好验收效果的前提下,与传统的验收试验相比,可以大大减少试验量,从而得到可观的经济效益.     

高超声速飞行器低可探测性滑翔弹道优化方法

为进一步提高高超声速飞行器的突防性能,提出高超声速飞行器低可探测性滑翔弹道优化方法。考虑飞行器180°×360°方向的雷达散射截面,针对原数据尖峰多、收敛难的难题,运用高斯滤波法对其进行预处理,既不改变原数据趋势又加以平滑,提高优化问题收敛性能。为使计算所用雷达散射截面数据具备较强的保真性,采用三次样条插值方法调用离散数据计算实时雷达散射截面。完成了高超声速飞行器低可探测性滑翔弹道优化问题的建模,以探测概率为目标函数,运用hp自适应Radau伪谱法优化求解,采用逐步计算策略进一步提高优化效率和收敛性能。与传统最短飞行时间弹道对比表明,该方法有效降低了飞行器被雷达发现的概率。     

基于改进协同遗传算法的有效载荷系统功能序列规划方法

针对传统回溯算法在求解基于知识模型的有效载荷系统功能序列规划问题中搜索效率低的问题,提出一种基于"择劣变异"(Worst Individual Mutation,WIM)策略的协同遗传算法(Co-evolutionary Genetic Algorithm,CGA)的改进算法WIM-CGA。该算法在遗传过程中采用双路线进化方案,即"择优实施标准遗传过程,择劣实施变异操作",达到提高求解精确度及搜索效率的目的。仿真结果表明,同等测试条件下,当功能规模为50,约束密度为1.0时,WIM-CGA算法在限定时间内最优解的平均精确度比优化的回溯算法提高了54.15%,比CGA算法提高了6.18%,且当所得解的精确度大于90%时,WIM-CGA算法比CGA算法的迭代次数减少了65.79%,耗时降低了48.97%,显著提高了功能序列规划的效率。     

Value management of diagnostic equipment with cancelation,no‐show,and emergency patients

Magnetic resonance imaging and other multifunctional diagnostic facilities, which are considered as scarce resources of hospitals, typically provide services to patients with different medical needs. This article examines the admission policies during the appointment management of such facilities. We consider two categories of patients: regular patients who are scheduled in advance through an appointment system and emergency patients with randomly generated demands during the workday that must be served as soon as possible. According to the actual medical needs of patients, regular patients are segmented into multiple classes with different cancelation rates, no‐show probabilities, unit value contributions, and average service times. Management makes admission decisions on whether or not to accept a service request from a regular patient during the booking horizon to improve the overall value that could be generated during the workday. The decisions should be made by considering the cancelation and no‐show behavior of booked patients as well as the emergency patients that would have to be served because any overtime service would lead to higher costs. We studied the optimal admission decision using a continuous‐time discrete‐state dynamic programming model. Identifying an optimal policy for this discrete model is analytically intractable and numerically inefficient because the state is multidimensional and infinite. We propose to study a deterministic counterpart of the problem (i.e., the fluid control problem) and to develop a time‐based fluid policy that is shown to be asymptotically optimal for large‐scale problems. Furthermore, we propose to adopt a mixed fluid policy that is developed based on the information obtained from the fluid control problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this improved policy works effectively for small‐scale problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 287–304, 2016     

A multi‐stage stochastic programming approach for network capacity expansion with multiple sources of capacity

In networks, there are often more than one sources of capacity. The capacities can be permanently or temporarily owned by the decision maker. Depending on the nature of sources, we identify the permanent capacity, spot market capacity, and contract capacity. We use a scenario tree to model the uncertainty, and build a multi‐stage stochastic integer program that can incorporate multiple sources and multiple types of capacities in a general network. We propose two solution methodologies for the problem. Firstly, we design an asymptotically convergent approximation algorithm. Secondly, we design a cutting plane algorithm based on Benders decomposition to find tight bounds for the problem. The numerical experiments show superb performance of the proposed algorithms compared with commercial software. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 600–614, 2017     

高精度有限体积格式在三维曲线坐标系下的应用

为了构造在光滑区具有较高分辨率并且可以无振荡捕捉激波的高精度有限体积格式,同时降低格式在模板选择上遇到的困难,基于逐维重构方法,发展了结构网格下的高精度有限体积格式,并将这一格式推广到三维曲线坐标系下,从而可以适应相对复杂外形下的计算。为充分验证格式的有效性,选取一系列典型算例进行计算:在等熵涡输运和二维喷管流动中验证了格式的精度可以达到设计精度;在双马赫反射问题中格式也表现出良好的捕捉激波的能力。数值计算表明,上述格式在曲线网格上具有较高的数值精度和鲁棒的激波捕捉能力,适用于流体力学方程的计算。     

基于复合信号的激光陀螺零偏误差补偿分析

作为一种集成了光学、电学和机械力学的复杂系统,激光陀螺可以精确地测量物体的角速率输出。为了满足惯性导航系统长时、高精度的测量要求,研究了激光陀螺内部不同类型的传感器与激光陀螺零偏误差之间的特性,在传统的基于温度的零偏误差补偿方法的基础上,引入了二频机抖激光陀螺内部温度传感器、光电二极管和粘在抖动机构上压电陶瓷的输出信息进行复合建模,利用非线性拟合能力强的支持向量机算法,针对不同类型信息与二频机抖激光陀螺零偏误差的相关性对模型进行优化。实验结果表明,该二频机抖激光陀螺零偏误差补偿模型的补偿精度高于传统的补偿方法。     

碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料频率选择表面的电磁传输特性

为了避免采用金属频率选择表面制备的天线罩中存在的热残余应力和弱黏接界面等问题,采用与聚合物基复合材料罩壁结构相容性好的碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料制备频率选择表面,利用自由空间法对试样的电磁传输性能进行测试,并采用数值分析模型对碳纤维复合材料频率选择表面的电磁传输机制和电磁传输影响因子进行分析。结果表明:碳纤维复合材料频率选择表面具有频率选择功能,但谐振频率处的电磁传输损耗较大;通过改变复合材料频率选择表面的单元缝隙率、厚度、电导率以及介电常数可以实现对其电磁传输性能的调节。     

E级超级计算机故障预测的数据采集方法

面向未来E级超级计算机,提出用于故障预测的数据采集框架,能够全面采集与计算结点故障相关的状态数据。采用自适应多层分组数据汇集方法,有效解决随着系统规模增长数据汇集过程开销过大的问题。在TH-1A超级计算机上的实现和测试表明,该数据采集框架具有开销小、扩展性好的优点,能够满足未来大规模系统故障预测数据采集的需求。     

超音速子母弹时序抛撒分离干扰特性

为分析在时序抛撒方式下子母弹多体干扰流场特性及其对各舱段弹体气动特性的影响,基于流体控制方程与六自由度刚体运动方程,结合非结构动网格技术,分别对两种时序抛撒方式及后舱子弹单独抛撒方式下的子母弹三维非定常分离流场进行数值模拟,得到不同抛撒时序下的分离流场特性及其气动干扰特性,揭示各舱段子弹在不同分离阶段的气动干扰相互作用过程。研究结果表明:在时序抛撒分离过程中各弹体间激波不断地交错干扰,增加了流场结构的复杂性;前舱子弹的激波干扰使得后舱段子弹气动分离参数较低,分离效率较慢,尤其在短时序间隔下,后舱弹体受前舱子弹干扰较为严重,弹体的安全分离受到影响。