战时营房保障资源动员能力模糊综合评判

战时营房保障资源动员是战时国民经济动员的重要组成部分。提高战时营房保障资源动员能力是做好战时营房保障资源动员工作的关键。由于影响营房保障资源动员能力的因素较多,既有定性的,又有定量的,且各因素又难以精确地描述,所以其评判过程具有模糊性。通过建立评判指标体系,应用模糊综合评判方法对战时营房保障资源动员能力作出评判,该方法具有较强的应用价值。最后,给出了一个应用实例。     

武器系统经济性参数的支持向量机方法分析

采用一种基于支持向量机的武器系统费用分析方法.计算结果表明,这种方法有效解决了参数法对样本量要求较高以及对非线性问题处理能力较弱等问题.与传统方法相比较,有更好的拟合精度和泛化能力,因而该方法可以作为研究此类问题的新途径.     

兵团发展循环经济的对策研究

循环经济是一种新型的经济发展模式,也是我国实现可持续发展的重要途径。兵团发展循环经济应从以下几方面入手:转变观念;制定循环经济的发展规划;确定循环经济发展的试点;探索“政府引导、市场推进”的循环经济运行机制;突出重点,注重效率,逐步推进;开发建立循环经济的绿色支撑体系。     

内蒙古边境地区可持续发展对策

内蒙古边境地区是我国北方最重要的生态防线 ,是改革开放的前沿 ,也是一个欠发达的地区 ,在其发展中面临着许多严峻的问题和困难。内蒙古边境地区只有通过快速而健康地发展 ,才能摆脱和解决所面临的许多困难和问题。而要快速、健康地发展 ,就必须实施经济与社会可持续发展战略。     

不同海拔富氧进气柴油机富氧经济性分析

建立了高海拔条件下柴油发动机富氧进气燃烧排气氧气体积分数与进气氧气体积分数关系的模型,对海拔2 000,3 000和4000m处不同转速时发动机富氧进气的燃烧状况和富氧经济性进行研究.结果表明:模型预测结果与试验结果吻合较好,当发动机正常进气过量空气系数α＜1.2时,富氧进气改善发动机燃烧状况的效果明显.发动机富氧进气...     

现代技术生存危机下发展低碳经济的必要性分析

人类发展历程先后经历了自然生存和技术生存两个阶段,与人类相伴而生的技术经由古代的手工技术、近代的机器技术,演变成与科学结合、高度发达的现代技术,成为人类卓有成效的生存工具。但现代技术引发的生态与人性危机,促使人类寻求全新的生存方式——新技术生存。作为新技术生存典型代表的低碳经济,既维持生存的高效率,又无碍于人与自然的和谐发展。走可持续发展之路,发展低碳经济,对于克服现代技术危机、实现健康和谐的新技术生存,是非常必要的。     

Country survey XII: South Africa

This article examines the relationship between defence expenditure and economic performance in South Africa, both prior to and after that country's first fully democratic election in 1994. Prior to 1994 defence expenditure decisions were largely dominated by non‐economic factors; since then defence spending has declined in reaction to, inter alia, the need to address a number of socio‐economic inequities.

After 1975 in particular, military industrialisation in South Africa placed a disproportionately high burden on the country's industrial resources and natural economic and technical capabilities. However, although this suggests that the opportunity cost of domestic arms production has been fairly high, the country's poor economic and development performance since the mid‐1970s is a function of underlying structural deficiencies and institutional constraints rather than the consequence of inordinately high defence spending levels.     

Democracy index for Africa, 2010

ABSTRACT

Natural resource-based conflicts continue to occur in different parts of Nigeria with negative implications. This study investigated the phenomena of natural resource conflicts vis-à-vis their propensities to impact political economy and national security negatively. Data for the study were sourced from theoretical and empirical evidence. Empirical data were sourced from existing studies selected on the basis on their relevance to the study and analysed based on their content. The limitation to this approach is the obsolete and subjective nature of some the literature. This limitation was, however, addressed among others through the author’s knowledge of the issues under study. The study found that Nigeria is enmeshed in conflict over ownership, distribution, access to or competition over natural resources such as petroleum resources and agricultural land and these conflicts have undermined democracy, human rights, the economy and the nation’s security. The paper identified poor resource governance, environmental factors and poor political leadership as the causes and drivers of these conflicts. It recommends natural resource governance among others, as a way out of the problem.     

BUTTER,GUNS AND ICE‐CREAM THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA

This paper is intended to complement the existing literature on civil wars. First, it presents a simple theoretical model of conflict that defines a two‐sector economy. In a contested sector, two agents struggle to appropriate the maximum possible fraction of a contestable output. In an uncontested sector, they hold secure property rights over the production of some goods. Agents split their resource endowment between ‘butter’, ‘guns’ and ‘ice‐cream’. Following the theoretical insights the empirical analysis focuses on the relationship between civil wars and different sectors of the economy. In particular, a panel probit specification shows that the incidence of a civil war decreases in the size of manufacturing sector.     

新疆绿洲的生态环境特点及区域开发规律研究

受区域生态环境的影响,新疆绿洲普遍具有封闭性、局限性和不平衡性特征,区域开发的生态风险大,市场成本高,使绿洲经济规模小而内向,自然经济色彩浓厚。绿洲经济活动是以封闭流域为单元的非连续性过程,空间联系困难,要素流动性差,集聚和扩散效应弱,培育市场经济、提高区域竞争力受到诸多限制,应按流域生态规律来统一规划和协调绿洲经济发展,把专业化和区域协作建立在流域内部的统一性和流域之间的差异性基础上。