挠度对钢丝绳弹性模量的影响

钢丝绳被广泛地应用在油气储运工程中。弹性模量是钢丝绳的一个重要物性参数,欧洲和前苏联对该问题研究较多,他们用实验的方法得到钢丝绳弹性模量的经验计算公式。笔者引用等效弹性模量的概念,根据悬索的斜抛物线长度计算公式,从理论上推导了挠度对钢丝绳弹性模量影响的计算公式。该公式推导过程简单,且可以定量地计算挠度对钢丝绳弹性模量的影响。     

Bureaucracy Does Its Thing: US Performance and the Institutional Dimension of Strategy in Afghanistan

It is not too soon to draw cautionary lessons from the inconclusive results of US performance during more than 11 years of Operation ‘Enduring Freedom’ in Afghanistan. As in Vietnam, fundamental difficulties persist in adapting enduring institutions to the requirements of strategy. At the heart of the matter is tension between the assumptions that underlie counterinsurgency as practiced in Afghanistan and organization of the US Armed Forces, State Department, and Agency for International Development. Knowledge of basic principles and necessary changes is available to answer the question, could the US have done better?     

基于内容的月球影像检索并行框架设计

基于内容的月球影像检索面向月球探测计划获取的大量遥感数据,根据影像视觉内容,提供一种方便而高效的检索方式。为提高其检索效率,在对基于内容的月球影像检索过程进行分析的基础上,运用Petri网完成过程建模与并行化分析。提出一种基于内容的月球影像检索并行框架,并据此部署实验系统,将嫦娥月球影像等实际数据集投入其中进行检索实验。结果表明,基于内容的月球影像检索并行框架能够有效提升查询检索效率。     

ITSON：一种基于拓扑演化的P2P智能搜索机制

P2P系统中节点的动态特性对搜索性能的稳定提出了很大挑战。借鉴社会学和组织学相应原理,提出拓扑演化模型捕获节点的运动规律。节点模拟人类在社会网络中的行为,根据自身和他人的兴趣变化,随搜索过程的进行,利用自身局部信息,动态、自适应地调整网络拓扑,及时反映资源分布以及搜索内容的动态变化,维持资源合理组织。在此基础上提出的智能搜索机制ITSON(InTelligent Search based on tOpology evolutioN),利用消息转发的智能性进行路由方向决策,从而迅速定位资源提供节点。仿真结果说明,ITSON能自动优化网络,具有良好的搜索性能和自适应特性。     

Global counterinsurgency and US army expansion: the case for recruiting foreign troops

Given the nature of global counterinsurgency operations, the demands of military expansion, and the need for cultural, linguistic, and regional expertise, the United States Army should evaluate the establishment of US-led foreign troop units for its evolving force structure. This article proposes the creation of an American foreign legion based upon the recruitment of US-led, ethnically homogeneous tribal force units to meet the grist mill of counterinsurgency operations. This structured approach would be more beneficial than the current reliance on a de facto American Foreign Legion, represented by private military contractors (PMCs), many of them comprised of foreigners. These PMCs carry a number of oversight, accountability, and legal risks not found in a fully integrated, and US-officered foreign legion. The British Brigade of Gurkhas, the South-West African Police Counter-Insurgency Unit (Koevoet), and the Kit Carson Scouts serve as relevant historical examples where foreign troops were used to supplement national manpower resources.     

Counterinsurgency force ratio: strategic utility or nominal necessity

As a consequence of intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan, force ratio for counterinsurgency (COIN) has come under increased scrutiny. Reduced to its essence, the issue is simply, ‘How many troops does it take to get the job done?’ This answer has been sought by the US military, academia, and think tanks. There have been numerous responses, culminating in several ‘plug-and-play’ equations for minimum force ratios in COIN operations. Due to the impossibility of determining precisely how many insurgent forces there are, it has become common to base force ratios on the population of the country. In the realm of policy, the question above is posed as, ‘How many of our troops does it take to get the job done?’     

基于插件技术的人工免疫智能空间优化平台研究

采用人工智能方法求解空间优化问题已成为当前地理学研究领域的热点之一。研究目的在于通过设计一个开放的、可扩展的人工免疫空间优化模型框架,开发基于插件技术的优化工具软件,丰富空间优化决策支持的方法和技术体系。研究从空间优化问题的基本特点和计算需求出发,定义了面向空间优化问题求解的克隆选择优化模型框架。在此基础上,采用"插件-宿主平台"结构设计了人工免疫智能空间优化平台的总体架构,定义免疫算子插件与空间优化问题应用插件开发机制。实验结果表明,平台的架构和功能设计充分考虑了计算平台的开放性和扩展性,通过平台标准接口的功能扩展可实现对不同类型空间优化问题的求解。空间优化问题研究者或政府决策部门无需关系人工免疫优化方法的具体内涵即可基于本平台完成其具体空间优化决策支持任务。     

自补偿液体静压精密转台轴承设计与实验

设计了一种用于精密转台的新型自补偿圆锥形液体静压轴承,并完成了轴承的制造与性能测试。采用流量平衡原理推导了轴承设计公式,得到了轴向和径向的最优刚度及其优化条件,计入制造误差对轴承承载性能进行了仿真,并测试了轴承的刚度和回转精度。结果表明:轴承刚度受到节流间隙与承载间隙的流阻比以及油腔间内流系数影响,流阻比存在最优值,而内流系数越小,对刚度越有利;计入制造误差的仿真模型能够有效预测轴承刚度范围。     

无人机集群作战概念及关键技术分析

无人机集群作战正在从概念走向雏形.文章总结了国外无人机集群作战概念的发展,分析了无人机集群作战的主要关键技术,包括大规模无人机管理与控制、多无人机自主编队飞行、集群感知与态势共享、集群突防与攻击、集群作战任务控制站等技术,并展望了未来无人机集群协同搜索、协同干扰、协同攻击、协同察/打、集群对抗等作战应用.     

有限声速的纯方位算法

针对纯方位条件下对等速直航目标观测的算法问题,将目标运动要素及平均声速作为待估计参数,给出了计算非线性最小二乘法目标函数梯度与Hessian矩阵的解析公式,基于这些公式,可以构造估计目标运动要素的一些算法及编程实现。部分数值实验表明,信赖域算法、Levenberg-Marquardt算法与Matlab用于解非线性最小二乘问题的函数lsqnonlin的计算精度基本一致。