Initiating insurgencies abroad: French plans to ‘chouannise’ Britain and Ireland, 1793–1798

Secret French plans to launch guerrilla-style raids on the British Isles devised in the spring of 1796 were referred to as ‘chouanneries’. The name and concept behind these small-war operations were modelled on the irregular tactics used by the Chouan rebels in the Vendée, which the French state army had brutally quashed, but some wished to transfer into their institutional practice. Part of France's ongoing military strategy in the war against Britain, which included fomenting insurrection in Ireland, these irregular operations were to be manned partially by pardoned deserters and released convicts and prisoners of war. Of these, only Tate's brief invasion of Wales in 1797 was realised, but the surviving plans provide insightful historical lessons into an Anglophobic mindset shared by a small network of practitioners and policy deciders on the effectiveness of such shock and awe tactics. Largely motivated by the desire to take revenge for Britain's support of counter-revolutionaries in the Vendée, these plans could more aptly be referred to as counter-‘chouanneries’.     

Virtual War in the Ice Jungle: ‘We don't know how to do this’

The Cold War at sea expanded in many realms, including the frigid and treacherous waters of the Arctic Ocean. The US Navy pioneered these efforts with the visit of USS Nautilus to the North Pole in 1958. During the latter stages of the Cold War, however, Soviet naval strategists began to conceptualize the polar ice cap as a strategic asset for cloaking the operations of its nuclear missile submarines. As under-ice operations afforded the Soviet submarine fleet advantages of stealth, proximity to target and tighter lines of communications, both navies were forced to try to develop tactics for combat under these extremely complex and arduous conditions.     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.     

基于敌后侦察与诱骗博弈的远程火力打击战法

对敌后侦察反军事诱骗的远程火力打击战法的定量分析是战役研究中尚未解决的关键问题之一,根据信息作战原理,运用仿真和统计学分析的混合方法,建立基于概率的二人非零和(TPNZS)非合作博弈模型,设计基于侦察与诱骗博弈的远程火力打击战法,定量分析我方的敌后侦察和敌方的军事诱骗对远程信息与火力联合打击能力的影响,并对一个典型实例的初步试验及分析结果表明:与敌后侦察和军事诱骗有关的正确识别目标和错误识别目标的概率以及远程火力命中目标的概率是评估远程信息与火力联合打击能力的关键,而对评估结果进行博弈分析则是远程火力打击战法设计的关键,用识别正确目标和错误目标能力以及远程火力命中目标能力描述的基于敌后侦察与诱骗博弈的远程火力最优打击战法为Δ*=(0,Δ2*,1-Δ2*)=(0.0000,0.7727,0.2273),被打击方对远程火力打击的最优战法为π*=(π1*,0,1-π1*)=(0.8511,0.0000,0.1489)。     

网络中心联合潜艇与远程导弹突袭航母战法

运用潜艇和远程导弹联合作战形成的信息与火力联合打击优势来开发突袭航母战斗群的战法是联合作战研究中尚未解决的关键问题之一,根据信息作战、网络中心战和海上游击战原理,分别利用潜艇获取目标位置信息优势和远程导弹对目标打击火力优势,通过海上游击战战法,运用在以卫星为平台的网络中心环境中形成的信息与火力联合打击能力,实施对航母战斗群的突袭,对一个典型实例的初步试验及分析结果表明:与潜艇侦察目标能力有关的正确发现目标概率和评估远程导弹打击目标效果概率以及与远程导弹打击能力有关的命中目标概率对信息与火力联合打击能力的影响分别为20.79%、22.57%和20.20%%,是成功突袭航母战斗群的最重要的因素,而网络中心联合潜艇与远程导弹突袭航母则是充分发挥潜艇和远程导弹综合优势的科学战法。     

基于效果的炮兵火力打击控制

针对当代战争形态变化对炮兵战斗行动提出的诸多挑战,以军事科学发展观为牵引,以我军炮兵战术理论为依据,借鉴美军\"基于效果作战\"理论,结合运用系统科学与控制论原理,在抽象、规范炮兵火力打击行动的基础上,提出了基于效果的炮兵火力打击控制概念,并对其特征、内容、原则和方法进行了具体阐述,是推动炮兵战术理论发展的一种尝试.     

侦察打击一体化作战模式下炮兵装备体系组分需求研究*

界定了作战模式、炮兵装备体系组分需求等概念,分析了侦察打击一体化作战模式的内涵、装备体系的特点.通过侦察打击一体化作战模式对炮兵作战流程、能力要求的分析,构建了为适应这一要求的炮兵装备体系组分需求方案,得出其是由情报侦察系统、信息处理与指挥控制系统、火力打击系统和保障系统组成的结论.并据此绘制了侦察打击一体化作战模式下的炮兵装备体系结构及信息流程图.     

炮兵雷达阵地选择仿真系统的设计与实现*

虚拟现实技术是20世纪末发展起来的一项涉及众多学科的高新应用技术,主要针对在MultiGen Creator和Vega软件平台下开发三维仿真系统。针对目前炮兵雷达阵地选择虚拟仿真的需求,设计了炮兵雷达阵地选择仿真训练系统,介绍了仿真系统的组成及功能模块,论述了二维数字地图生成与显示、三维场景生成与显示、视景仿真的实现等关键技术,最后给出了仿真效果图。结果表明了仿真系统的可行性和实用性,极大地提高了训练效率和训练水平。     

高炮旅(团)作战面向对象Petri网模型

概要分析了高炮旅(团)指挥控制与信息处理分发过程,对基本Petri进行扩展构建了面向对象Petri网模型,采用其分层次构建了高炮旅(团)作战OPN模型,较好地实现了对传统指控体制下高炮群作战与信息分发过程的静态与动态描述,为下一步具体仿真实现,找出现有传统指控体制存在的薄弱环节,进行相应改进提供了基础和依据。     

混合对策无人战机空战决策

在混合对策理论的基础上,将空战过程看作是由一系列离散的状态组成的离散事件动态系统,建立了空战过程的离散状态子模型,利用空战态势指数和战机空战能力指数构造了战术评估函数,以完成对战术动作的筛选工作,并结合3DOF质点模型设计了机动指令生成器,实现对无人机运动状态的控制,并在M atlab环境下对机动实例进行了仿真。