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This paper considers a discrete time, single item production/inventory system with random period demands. Inventory levels are reviewed periodically and managed using a base‐stock policy. Replenishment orders are placed with the production system which is capacitated in the sense that there is a single server that sequentially processes the items one at a time with stochastic unit processing times. In this setting the variability in demand determines the arrival pattern of production orders at the queue, influencing supply lead times. In addition, the inventory behavior is impacted by the correlation between demand and lead times: a large demand size corresponds to a long lead time, depleting the inventory longer. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we present an exact procedure based on matrix‐analytic techniques for computing the replenishment lead time distribution given an arbitrary discrete demand distribution. Second, we numerically characterize the distribution of inventory levels, and various other performance measures such as fill rate, base‐stock levels and optimal safety stocks, taking the correlation between demand and lead times into account. Third, we develop an algorithm to fit the first two moments of the demand and service time distribution to a discrete phase‐type distribution with a minimal number of phases. This provides a practical tool to analyze the effect of demand variability, as measured by its coefficient of variation, on system performance. We also show that our model is more appropriate than some existing models of capacitated systems in discrete time. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007 相似文献
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Hassan M. Kamara 《Defense & Security Analysis》2015,31(3):260-269
The extensive timespan of evolving assumptions about future adversaries, US military engagements, and technology inherent in the US Army's 30-year modernization strategy can overwhelm the management capacity of planners, and misdirect acquisition investments. Some military scholars have argued that long-range planning is futile due to the complexities of the global security environment. So how can the US Army manage the evolving assumptions inherent in its 30-year modernization strategy to ensure it remains a superior global force? This study will answer the above question by arguing that the US Army's 30-year modernization strategy, while emulative of a similar modernization approach in the threat-based planning environment of the Cold War, is viable if supported by a method and a tool that manage investments and planning assumptions. 相似文献
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Consider a patrol problem, where a patroller traverses a graph through edges to detect potential attacks at nodes. An attack takes a random amount of time to complete. The patroller takes one time unit to move to and inspect an adjacent node, and will detect an ongoing attack with some probability. If an attack completes before it is detected, a cost is incurred. The attack time distribution, the cost due to a successful attack, and the detection probability all depend on the attack node. The patroller seeks a patrol policy that minimizes the expected cost incurred when, and if, an attack eventually happens. We consider two cases. A random attacker chooses where to attack according to predetermined probabilities, while a strategic attacker chooses where to attack to incur the maximal expected cost. In each case, computing the optimal solution, although possible, quickly becomes intractable for problems of practical sizes. Our main contribution is to develop efficient index policies—based on Lagrangian relaxation methodology, and also on approximate dynamic programming—which typically achieve within 1% of optimality with computation time orders of magnitude less than what is required to compute the optimal policy for problems of practical sizes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 557–576, 2014 相似文献
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针对舵机负载力矩模拟器输出等效惯量大于被加载舵机舵面惯量的舵机加载试验情况,研究了其力矩加载补偿方法,分析了其力矩加载误差,提出了针对不同误差源的提高仿真精度的技术途径。分析结果表明,此力矩加载补偿方法现实可行,提高了试验资源的利用率,具有较好的经济效益和现实意义。 相似文献
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单晓云 《兵团教育学院学报》2005,15(6):42-44
比较文学的教学研究一直受到学界的关注,对教学内容和方法的看法并不统一。但是这些讨论主要是以研究生和重点高校的本科生为教学对象来进行的,往往忽视了占国内大多数的一般院校的教学研究。这些学校的学科起步较晚,遇到的问题和困难较多。本文立足于一般院校的中文系本科生,就比较文学的教学内容、教学重点和教学方法提出建议和想法。 相似文献
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基于特征结构配置参数化方法,讨论了一类匹配的不确定线性系统的鲁棒控制问题,目的是设计鲁棒稳定控制器,使不确定闭环线性系统的特征值始终位于复平面的左半平面中某扇形区域内.给出了该鲁棒稳定控制器存在的充分条件及其参数化表示,可进一步利用其自由度满足某些设计要求.给出的数值例子,表明了鲁棒稳定控制器参数化设计方法的有效性. 相似文献
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This article considers the order batching problem in steelmaking and continuous‐casting production. The problem is to jointly specify the slabs needed to satisfy each customer order and group all the slabs of different customer orders into production batches. A novel mixed integer programming model is formulated for the problem. Through relaxing the order assignment constraints, a Lagrangian relaxation model is then obtained. By exploiting the relationship between Lagrangian relaxation and column generation, we develop a combined algorithm that contains nested double loops. At the inner loop, the subgradient method is applied for approximating the Lagrangian dual problem and pricing out columns of the master problem corresponding to the linear dual form of the Lagrangian dual problem. At the outer loop, column generation is employed to solve the master problem exactly and adjust Lagrangian multipliers. Computational experiments are carried out using real data collected from a large steel company, as well as on large‐scaled problem instances randomly generated. The results demonstrate that the combined algorithm can obtain tighter lower bound and higher quality solution within an acceptable computation time as compared to the conventional Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011 相似文献
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王才英 《兵团教育学院学报》2011,21(5):60-62
随着中外交流的日益频繁,双语公示语的作用日益突出。只有语用语言和社交语用都正确的双语公示语才能实现其应有的功能。本文主要分析双语公示语社交语用失误的成因及表现,并探讨公示语的翻译技巧。 相似文献