The Organization of the Defense Support System: An Economic Geography Perspective

In the context of restricted budgetary resources and the growing cost of maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) activities, a major issue for modern armed forces is to sustain defense platforms. A possible method consists of realizing economies of scale through the concentration of maintenance activities, which involves the spatial reorganization of existing industrial sites dedicated to MRO. This article provides a formalized framework to discuss the optimal organization for the MRO of defense platforms in space. The public planner organizes the maintenance of defense platforms with only two possible spatial configurations. In the dispersed configuration, two industrial production units in charge of the maintenance optimally cover space, whereas in the concentrated configuration, a unique industrial unit covers space. Focusing on the tipping point between the two configurations, the balance of forces between agglomeration and dispersion in defense support activities is described and discussed. On the one hand, economies of scale provide an opportunity to optimize defense support costs, favoring concentration in a unique industrial unit. On the other hand, space causes dispersion to reduce both transport costs and operational social costs. This trade-off illustrates a general principle in spatial economics with an application to MRO production in the French case.     

船舶降噪工程技术集成优化方法

在用船舶降噪工程受总体约束强、声学异常多等因素影响,传统新船建造的声学设计方法不能被直接应用。为此,提出了在用船舶降噪工程技术集成优化方法。根据需求设计顶层降噪指标,并通过四项标准进行检验;基于改装前测试数据和降噪技术储备情况,制定初步降噪技术集成方案;通过声学评估迭代,形成优化的指标分配体系和最终的降噪技术集成方案。模型试验验证结果表明,该方法能够有效实现在用船舶降噪工程的技术优化集成。     

Dynamic coordination of production planning and sales admission control in the presence of a spot market

We consider the decision‐making problem of dynamically scheduling the production of a single make‐to stock (MTS) product in connection with the product's concurrent sales in a spot market and a long‐term supply channel. The spot market is run by a business to business (B2B) online exchange, whereas the long‐term channel is established by a structured contract. The product's price in the spot market is exogenous, evolves as a continuous time Markov chain, and affects demand, which arrives sequentially as a Markov‐modulated Poisson process (MMPP). The manufacturer is obliged to fulfill demand in the long‐term channel, but is able to rein in sales in the spot market. This is a significant strategic decision for a manufacturer in entering a favorable contract. The profitability of the contract must be evaluated by optimal performance. The current problem, therefore, arises as a prerequisite to exploring contracting strategies. We reveal that the optimal strategy of coordinating production and sales is structured by the spot price dependent on the base stock and sell‐down thresholds. Moreover, we can exploit the structural properties of the optimal strategy to conceive an efficient algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Optimal control of a production‐inventory system with both backorders and lost sales

We consider the optimal control of a production inventory‐system with a single product and two customer classes where items are produced one unit at a time. Upon arrival, customer orders can be fulfilled from existing inventory, if there is any, backordered, or rejected. The two classes are differentiated by their backorder and lost sales costs. At each decision epoch, we must determine whether or not to produce an item and if so, whether to use this item to increase inventory or to reduce backlog. At each decision epoch, we must also determine whether or not to satisfy demand from a particular class (should one arise), backorder it, or reject it. In doing so, we must balance inventory holding costs against the costs of backordering and lost sales. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and use it to characterize the structure of the optimal policy. We show that the optimal policy can be described by three state‐dependent thresholds: a production base‐stock level and two order‐admission levels, one for each class. The production base‐stock level determines when production takes place and how to allocate items that are produced. This base‐stock level also determines when orders from the class with the lower shortage costs (Class 2) are backordered and not fulfilled from inventory. The order‐admission levels determine when orders should be rejected. We show that the threshold levels are monotonic (either nonincreasing or nondecreasing) in the backorder level of Class 2. We also characterize analytically the sensitivity of these thresholds to the various cost parameters. Using numerical results, we compare the performance of the optimal policy against several heuristics and show that those that do not allow for the possibility of both backordering and rejecting orders can perform poorly.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

Concise RLT forms of binary programs: A computational study of the quadratic knapsack problem

The reformulation‐linearization technique (RLT) is a methodology for constructing tight linear programming relaxations of mixed discrete problems. A key construct is the multiplication of “product factors” of the discrete variables with problem constraints to form polynomial restrictions, which are subsequently linearized. For special problem forms, the structure of these linearized constraints tends to suggest that certain classes may be more beneficial than others. We examine the usefulness of subsets of constraints for a family of 0–1 quadratic multidimensional knapsack programs and perform extensive computational tests on a classical special case known as the 0–1 quadratic knapsack problem. We consider RLT forms both with and without these inequalities, and their comparisons with linearizations derived from published methods. Interestingly, the computational results depend in part upon the commercial software used. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

基于粗精度DEM的复杂地形InSAR基线估计方法

基线精度对合成孔径雷达干涉测量极其重要,在研究传统基线估计方法的基础上,提出了一种基于粗精度DEM的基线估计方法。利用SRTM数字高程及初始轨道数据去除干涉相位中的地形条纹,通过分析剩余条纹的空间频率估计精确基线,具有不依赖于精确轨道数据、不受地形限制的优点。利用西藏玛尼山区ERS1/2数据进行了实测数据验证,实验结果表明得到的基线精度优于传统方法。     

混合尺寸目标电磁计算的时域伪谱/有限体积混合方法

针对单一算法对混合尺寸目标进行时域电磁分析的困难,提出一种时域伪谱(PSTD)同时域有限体积(FVTD)混合方法。FVTD可方便地分析复杂的几何结构和材料,但是难以计算电大尺寸的目标,PSTD则特别适合计算电大尺寸的规则结构,但在模拟复杂的几何结构尤其是带有曲边结构以及电大、电小共存结构时存在困难。混合方法克服了单独算法的缺点,融合各自的优势,提高了算法的求解能力和应用范围。为了减小两种算法连接边界带来的反射,采用了FVTD计算面均值的二次函数重构方法,给出了交叠网格和非交叠网格两种混合方案。数值试验表明,混合方法有较高的精度,具有时域分析混合尺寸目标电磁问题的能力。     

MLFMA在运动目标多普勒回波数值仿真中的应用

提出了一种应用准静态技术,结合快速多级子算法计算任意形状的运动目标多普勒信号的方法,对目标的几种典型的微动多普勒信号进行了仿真,并应用高分辨时频分析算法对仿真得到的微多普勒信号进行了分析,提取出了微多普勒瞬时频率,并与相应微动规律的点目标微多普勒瞬时频率进行对比。结果表明,二者具有相同的变化规律,从而证明本文提出的方法是有效的。     

XMSF下新兴开放标准的集成和验证

建模与仿真领域中实现资源重用、共享和互操作的基本途径是标准化。诸多开放互操作标准的提出和应用成功解决了各自领域的互操作问题,推动了仿真技术的发展。关于这些开放标准的讨论及应用情况都已有相当数量的文献予以介绍,但具体涉及同一框架下各标准之间相互作用或影响情况却鲜有提及。依托XMSF框架,选取了MDA、BOM、SRML、MSDL、C-BML五种主流的新兴开放标准,通过XMSF案例对这些标准在XMSF中的集成应用进行了详细研究,评估它们在一起时可能为仿真领域带来的影响和能力。     

小型固体运载器一、二级分离动力学与仿真研究

某低成本小型固体运载器采用侧喷流和栅格舵联合进行姿态控制。针对该布局,设计引入闭环姿态控制的一、二级级间冷分离方案。在描述级间分离过程的基础上,建立了分离运动学与动力学模型,解锁与分离冲量装置模型,气动力模型以及分离姿态控制律模型,讨论了碰撞判断条件,通过Monte Carlo仿真验证了参数不确定条件下分离姿态控制律设计对于避免碰撞和减小上面级初始姿态偏差的有效性。结果表明所设计的分离方案在充分发挥冷分离优势的同时能够弥补由冷分离时间长引起的上面级初始姿态偏差,能够有效避免级间碰撞。为该运载器的级间分离方案提供了一种可能的选择。