非椭圆扩展目标联合跟踪与分类算法

充分利用目标尺寸和形状信息,提出了一种基于星凸随机超曲面模型(random hypersurface model, RHM)的非椭圆扩展目标联合跟踪与分类(joint tracking and classification, JTC)算法。将目标空间扩展状态建模为星凸形状,通过目标类别相关先验信息的矢量化建模,建立起其与目标瞬时扩展状态的关系,并在统一的贝叶斯滤波框架下,实现跟踪与分类的一体化处理;进一步对目标运动学状态和扩展状态单独进行建模,并通过构建扩展状态的似然函数,利用粒子滤波实现目标类别概率算式的递推处理。仿真结果表明:与基于椭圆形状的扩展目标JTC算法相比,所提算法能对尺寸相近、形状不同的目标进行准确分类,同时可改善目标状态的估计效果;与基于星凸RHM的扩展目标跟踪算法相比,所提算法能大幅提高目标状态的估计性能。     

基于超分辨率超声图像的缺陷量化方法

以相位相干多信号分类(phase-coherent multiple signal classification, PC-MUSIC)方法为例,研究基于超分辨率超声图像的缺陷量化方法。利用全矩阵采集方法从被测对象获取超声阵列数据,对数据进行时域预处理,提取缺陷散射信号;利用PC-MUSIC方法处理缺陷散射信号,获取超分辨率超声图像;分析超声图像特征,提取横向强度曲线,定义-6 dB主瓣宽度作为缺陷的评估长度。搭建实验系统,选择铝试块作为被测对象,在其内部加工1个长度为10 mm的刻槽作为缺陷。实验结果表明,在信号子空间维度选择合适的情况下,PC-MUSIC方法能够准确评估缺陷长度,误差在10%以内。     

分段履带式水陆两栖车减阻增速试验及数值仿真

为了研究分段履带式水陆两栖车的水动力性能,实现减阻增速,将尾翼板安装到水陆两栖车的方艉部,并开展了水池试验和仿真研究,两者的研究结果具有较好的一致性。通过仿真研究了车体的纵向重心位置、尾翼板的长度和角度对水陆两栖车阻力性能的影响,并分析了阻力成分的变化趋势。研究结果表明:车体纵向重心位置在540～560 mm 时,车体所受水阻力最小;在速度为3～5 m/s时,长度为156 mm,与水平面夹角为10°的尾翼板减阻效果最明显,相比于原裸车体的阻力,减阻率达到34.3%;加装尾翼板可以增加车体的尾部中空区长度,相当于增加了水线长,增大了长宽比。该研究表明:适当调节重心位置和优化尾翼板参数,可以有效实现水陆两栖车的减阻增速。     

融合空间偏好和语义的个体活动识别方法

个体活动识别对用户画像、个性化推荐、异常行为检测、群体行为分析和基于活动的资源配置优化具有重要价值。提出了一种基于稀疏的社交媒体签到数据的个体活动语义识别方法,从签到数据中提取活动行为的时间周期性和趋势性特征,并采用空间偏好量化算法,从个体与群体活动的空间关联中提取群体和个体的空间访问偏好,使用自然语言嵌入工具BERT模型提取访问兴趣点的语义。时间特征、空间偏好特征和访问兴趣点名称语义特征共同构成表征群体、个体偏好的时空联合特征,通过极限梯度提升分类器对其进行分类,得到活动语义识别结果。在Foursquare数据集上的对比实验和消融实验中验证了所提活动语义识别模型可以有效提升活动语义识别的准确性。     

融合图嵌入的光滑主成分分析网络图像识别算法

主成分分析网络(principal component analysis network, PCANet)是一种简单的深度学习算法,在图像识别领域具有优秀的性能。将图嵌入思想融入PCANet,提出一种新的图像识别算法光滑主成分分析网络(Smooth-PCANet)。为了验证Smooth-PCANet算法的有效性,在人脸、手写体字符以及图片等不同数据集上构建实验,并将Smooth-PCANet与多种基于深度学习的图像识别算法作了对比。实验结果证明,Smooth-PCANet算法比PCANet获得了更高的识别性能,并且更有效地避免了过拟合,在小样本训练时具有显著优势。     

Research on a MEMS pyrotechnic with a double-layer barrier safety and arming device

As an essential component of ammunition, pyrotechnics can control ignition with high reliability. However, due to limits of fabrication technology, traditional pyrotechnics are bulky. To achieve both functionality and miniaturization, MEMS pyrotechnics integrate initiator, safety-and-arming (S&A) device and lead charge and keep all components within a small size. MEMS S&A devices, as the core component to ensure system safety, are difficult to achieve active and rapid response to control signals with high safety and reliability. In order to overcome the difficulty, we propose the design and characterization of a MEMS pyrotechnic with a double-layer barrier S&A device. The MEMS pyrotechnic is a high-integrated device with an overall size of 13.4 × 8.5 × 5.2 mm³. The initiator is a NiCr bridge foil covered with an Al/CuO energetic film, which can generate flame when ignited by an excitation voltage. To match the flame energy, lead styphnate is chosen in this study as the lead charge. The S&A device contains four semi-circular barriers, which are directly driven by V-shape electro-thermal actuators to gain active control of the pyrotechnics' ignition condition with rapid response. To improve the system's reliability, the four barriers are axisymmetrically placed in two layers, two barriers for each layer, to constitute a double-layer structure with a thickness of 100 μm. The ignition test results show that the S&A device can prevent the initiator from detonating the lead charge in safety condition. In arming condition, the lead charge will be detonated.     

Shock initiation performance of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive

3-nitro-1,2,4-tri-azol-5-one (NTO) is a high energy insensitive explosive. To study the shock initiation process of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive JEOL-1 (32%octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 32% NTO, 28% Al and 8% binder system), the cylinder test, the gap experiments and numerical simulation were carried out. Firstly, we got the detonation velocity (7746 m/s) and the parameters of Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS) for detonation product by cylinder test and numerical simulation. Secondly, the Hugoniot curve of unreacted explosive for JEOL-1 was obtained calculating the data of pressure and time at different Lagrangian positions. Then the JWL EOS of unreacted explosive was obtained by utilizing the Hugoniot curve as the reference curve. Finally, we got the pressure growth history of JEOL-1 under shock wave stimulation and the parameters of the ignition and growth reaction rate equation were obtained by the pressure-time curves measured by the shock-initiation gap experiment and numerical simulation. The determined trinomial ignition and growth model (IG model) parameters can be applied to subsequently simulation analysis and design of insensitive ammunition with NTO-based polymer bonded explosive.     

小学语文课外阅读中协同知识建构的特征研究

小学阶段是培养学生阅读兴趣的重要阶段,这一阶段应该以多种形式开展课外阅读以培养学生的阅读素养。知识建构在培养学生语言能力、审美、鉴赏、创造思维、文化传承与理解方面发挥着重要的作用,在小学语文课外阅读中有广泛的应用空间。研究以小学五年级所开展的课外阅读为例,对学生在课外阅读中协同知识建构过程进行了分析,发现课外阅读过程中的协同知识建构具有过程性、自发性、可持续发展性的特征,对培养学生的口语表达能力、审美能力、创作能力和人际交往能力有积极的作用。     

Thermal explosion of a reactive gas mixture at constant pressure for non-uniform and uniform temperature systems

In this study, the approximate and exact solutions for the stationary-state of the solids model with neglecting reactant consumption for both non-uniform and uniform temperature systems were applied on gas ignition under a constant pressure condition. The criticality conditions for a slab, an infinite cylinder, and a sphere are determined and discussed using dimensionless temperatures under constant ambient and surface temperatures for a non-uniform temperature system. Exact solution for a Semenov model with convection heat loss was also presented. The solution of the Semenov problem for constant volume or density as a solid and constant pressure were compared. The critical parameter δ is calculated and compared with those of Frank-Kamenetskii solution values. The validation of the calculated ignition temperatures with other exact solution and experimental results were offered. The relation between critical parameters form Semenov and F.K. models solution was introduced.     

Terrorism research: should we focus on the opponent or on our own people?

In terrorism research, three different sources of information and data exist: the terrorists and their environment; the incidents; and the population. This article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of research that is concerned with, or relies on, any of the mentioned sources. An in-depth understanding of the methodological issues that come with these sources is important to correctly interpret results from scientific studies. It is highlighted how the different scientific approaches add to a holistic view of terrorism as a phenomenon. Furthermore, the double-edged sword of information in the field of terrorism is discussed. From these deliberations, guidance concerning the future work of both scholars and decision-makers can be deducted.