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Vadim Kolnogorov 《战略研究杂志》2013,36(2):339-359
Few issues were as contentious in the development of the Soviet Navy as the role of aircraft carriers and sea-based aviation. Despite the continued insistence by the highest naval authorities and scientific experts that surface combatants simply could not be protected in the open ocean without the support of ship-borne aviation, Soviet leaders – for a variety of reasons – resisted aircraft carrier development until the final decades of the Cold War. In examining one of the most defining and telling asymmetries of the Cold War at sea, the author argues that while the USSR was economically and technologically capable of building aircraft carriers of any class, bureaucratic infighting, misperceptions of cost and practicality, and the inherent flaws of a totalitarian system ultimately created an impossible gap in capabilities between the two sides. The priorities and direction of Soviet weapons and defense technology development during the Cold War was largely a factor of the military-political situation taking shape at home, and in the world. As a rule, the navy was assigned missions that corresponded to its capabilities at a given point in time, rather than the other way around. Often, the navy lacked the material resources needed to implement its core mission. The availability of these resources, in turn, depended on the country's economic situation, its scientific potential, the technological state of its industry, as well as the subjective influence of political and military leaders on the priorities of technological development. The impact of the country's socioeconomic imperatives was undoubtedly also felt in the sluggish pace of development of ship-borne aviation and aircraft carriers in the USSR. 相似文献
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舰艇出海执行任务期间,需要携行一定种类和数量的物资自给。文中研究了这种单级供应条件下,如何确定备件最优携行量的问题。建立了以服务水平为目标,以资源为约束的目标规划模型,模型考虑了随机提前期和备件重要度。提出一种基于边际效费比的增量法用于求解这个模型。最后,给出一个算例并得到了一些结论。 相似文献
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We consider several independent decision makers who stock expensive, low‐demand spare parts for their high‐tech machines. They can collaborate by full pooling of their inventories via free transshipments. We examine the stability of such pooling arrangements, and we address the issue of fairly distributing the collective holding and downtime costs over the participants, by applying concepts from cooperative game theory. We consider two settings: one where each party maintains a predetermined stocking level and one where base stock levels are optimized. For the setting with fixed stocking levels, we unravel the possibly conflicting effects of implementing a full pooling arrangement and study these effects separately to establish intuitive conditions for existence of a stable cost allocation. For the setting with optimized stocking levels, we provide a simple proportional rule that accomplishes a population monotonic allocation scheme if downtime costs are symmetric among participants. Although our whole analysis is motivated by spare parts applications, all results are also applicable to other pooled resource systems of which the steady‐state behavior is equivalent to that of an Erlang loss system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012 相似文献
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针对单部件系统工龄更换策略下备件需求的特点,建立了工龄更换策略与备件库存控制的联合优化模型。该模型通过分析一个订购期内工龄更换间隔期T及备件最大库存水平S对系统寿命分布的影响,建立了工龄更换间隔期、订购间隔期及最大库存水平与单位时间总费用(包括维修费用和库存费用)的关系,然后以单位时间总费用最小为目标,优化工龄更换间隔期T、订购间隔期t0及最大库存水平S。最后,基于案例,运用Matlab对模型进行数值计算,结果表明模型能有效地降低单位时间的总费用。 相似文献
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根据联合申请的备件品种范围的不同,提出了3种订货策略,即单独申请、统一申请和联合申请,并设计了联合申请策略的启发式算法。该算法首先确定订购最频繁的备件,将其申请周期作为基本申请周期,其他备件申请周期是该周期的整倍数;其次寻求各种备件的最优订货倍数;最后确定各种备件的订购量。数值实例表明:联合申请策略的聚集效应明显优于单独申请策略和统一申请策略,对多品种库存控制策略的研究有一定意义。 相似文献
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针对反潜巡逻机使用磁探仪和自导深弹的攻潜效能研究,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛法的计算模型。在建立攻潜坐标系的基础上,给出了连投深弹射击深度的定义;结合磁探仪定位原理,提出了基于峰值追踪的定位目标和连投攻击的方法,仿真结果表明该方法能够提高命中概率;给出了目标分布和连投深弹的散布模型,依据攻潜过程和命中判定条件,进行了攻潜效能的计算;仿真分析了影响攻潜效能的主要因素,并研究了投弹间隔的确定方法。 相似文献
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空地航空子母弹靶场效能分析建模研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
建立了航空子母弹靶场效能评估模型,然后应用优化理论给出了子母弹靶场效能最优值,以该最优值作为子母弹武器设计的效能准则,具有简单、可比性好等优点. 相似文献
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针对相控阵天线阵面备件配置存在的冗余性强、批量送修、多级维修等现实问题,综合考虑备件费用、维修能力以及库存策略之间的关系,建立了基于定期补给的两级备件优化配置模型。给出了系统的故障件维修周转过程和维修备件的定期补给过程,在分析备件、库存、维修能力之间关系的基础上,结合成批到达的排队理论,建立了系统的供应可用度模型。以备件配置费用最小为目标、以系统供应可用度为约束条件,建立了系统的备件优化配置模型,并通过边际效益分析法对模型进行了求解。通过算例仿真与分析对模型进行了验证。结果表明:构建的备件配置能够较好地解决相控阵天线阵面的备件配置问题,具有一定的优越性。 相似文献