装备集群预防性维修计划的粒子群仿真优化

针对同类装备构成的集群预防性维修计划问题,综合考虑了装备的使用和维修过程,分析了装备动用与维修计划之间的相互关系,刻画了装备使用和维修的触发机制,提出了一个包含离散事件仿真和粒子群优化算法的混合模型,并描述了模型的结构和数学表示。该模型基于离散事件仿真对给定的预防性维修计划进行评估,并以该评估值为基础利用粒子群演化进行优化,从而通过多次迭代进化可逐步逼近可能的全局优化结果。由于模型中考虑了装备使用过程中的不确定性,并且粒子群优化可从任意初始值开始,因而可用作维修系统效能评估以及维修方案优化的决策工具。     

Contractual agreements for coordination and vendor‐managed delivery under explicit transportation considerations

We consider the coordination problem between a vendor and a buyer operating under generalized replenishment costs that include fixed costs as well as stepwise freight costs. We study the stochastic demand, single‐period setting where the buyer must decide on the order quantity to satisfy random demand for a single item with a short product life cycle. The full order for the cycle is placed before the cycle begins and no additional orders are accepted by the vendor. Due to the nonrecurring nature of the problem, the vendor's replenishment quantity is determined by the buyer's order quantity. Consequently, by using an appropriate pricing schedule to influence the buyer's ordering behavior, there is an opportunity for the vendor to achieve substantial savings from transportation expenses, which are represented in the generalized replenishment cost function. For the problem of interest, we prove that the vendor's expected profit is not increasing in buyer's order quantity. Therefore, unlike the earlier work in the area, it is not necessarily profitable for the vendor to encourage larger order quantities. Using this nontraditional result, we demonstrate that the concept of economies of scale may or may not work by identifying the cases where the vendor can increase his/her profits either by increasing or decreasing the buyer's order quantity. We prove useful properties of the expected profit functions in the centralized and decentralized models of the problem, and we utilize these properties to develop alternative incentive schemes for win–win solutions. Our analysis allows us to quantify the value of coordination and, hence, to identify additional opportunities for the vendor to improve his/her profits by potentially turning a nonprofitable transaction into a profitable one through the use of an appropriate tariff schedule or a vendor‐managed delivery contract. We demonstrate that financial gain associated with these opportunities is truly tangible under a vendor‐managed delivery arrangement that potentially improves the centralized solution. Although we take the viewpoint of supply chain coordination and our goal is to provide insights about the effect of transportation considerations on the channel coordination objective and contractual agreements, the paper also contributes to the literature by analyzing and developing efficient approaches for solving the centralized problem with stepwise freight costs in the single‐period setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

装甲装备维修效益评估初探

装甲装备使用阶段的维修效益评估对于有效管理装备维修活动,提高维修质量,降低维修费用具有很强的现实意义。文章建立了一套装甲装备维修效益评价指标体系,基于多级模糊综合评价法构建了评估模型,并运用该模型对某坦克大修厂某中型坦克的维修效益进行了评估。文章认为多级模糊综合评价法能较好地解决装甲装备维修效益的量化评估问题,在实际工作中可灵活运用该方法,不断提高维修管理水平。     

基于虚拟现实的维修性演示验证系统研究

提出了基于虚拟现实的维修性演示验证系统框架,针对系统的关键技术进行了介绍,重点阐述了基于虚拟现实的维修性演示验证思路,最后介绍了系统设计与实现,并应用实例验证了系统的适用性。     

战时装备维修保障力量抢修行动模型构建与求解

针对战时装备维修保障任务重、修理时间有限以及维修保障力量类型与待修装备损伤需求不匹配,难以实现战场精确保障的问题,进行了战时装备维修保障力量多目标行动控制研究。考虑修理时间窗、装备损伤状态、维修保障力量类型与维修保障能力变化以及非遍历性等复杂约束,构建了以装备重要度总和、修竣装备总和以及超出修理时间窗时间总和为目标的维修保障力量多目标抢修行动控制模型。对带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法进行改进,结合变邻域搜索算法加强算法的局部搜索能力,设计了改进变邻域搜索和非支配排序遗传算法的混合算法实现模型求解,并通过示例验证了模型及算法的合理性和有效性。     

现役装备以可靠性为中心的维修分析

以“以可靠性为中心的维修分析”(RCMA)在典型装备的应用实践为例,论述了现役装备进行RCMA的必要性和可能产生的效益及RCMA的过程,提出了现役装备RCMA的特点和正确分析的措施。     

某型机械装备修复性维修时间的分布拟和

对某型机械装备基层级修复性维修时间进行了统计分析,确定了维修时间的分布形式、分布参数及各种维修时间参数值。     

战损装备维修保障仿真及能力评估

阐述了利用仿真方法进行维修能力评估的重要性和必要性,分析了战场装备维修保障活动的主要内容,建立了基于计算机的装备维修保障过程仿真模型,提出了评估装备维修保障能力的几个指标,同时还给出了某次战斗装备损坏与维修保障能力评估的示例。     

Optimizing usage and maintenance decisions for k‐out‐of‐n systems of moving assets

We consider an integrated usage and maintenance optimization problem for a k‐out‐of‐n system pertaining to a moving asset. The k‐out‐of‐n systems are commonly utilized in practice to increase availability, where n denotes the total number of parallel and identical units and k the number of units required to be active for a functional system. Moving assets such as aircraft, ships, and submarines are subject to different operating modes. Operating modes can dictate not only the number of system units that are needed to be active, but also where the moving asset physically is, and under which environmental conditions it operates. We use the intrinsic age concept to model the degradation process. The intrinsic age is analogous to an intrinsic clock which ticks on a different pace in different operating modes. In our problem setting, the number of active units, degradation rates of active and standby units, maintenance costs, and type of economic dependencies are functions of operating modes. In each operating mode, the decision maker should decide on the set of units to activate (usage decision) and the set of units to maintain (maintenance decision). Since the degradation rate differs for active and standby units, the units to be maintained depend on the units that have been activated, and vice versa. In order to minimize maintenance costs, usage and maintenance decisions should be jointly optimized. We formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and provide some structural properties of the optimal policy. Moreover, we assess the performance of usage policies that are commonly implemented for maritime systems. We show that the cost increase resulting from these policies is up to 27% for realistic settings. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the cases in which joint usage and maintenance optimization is more valuable. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 418–434, 2017     

基于Pareto排序法的战时装备维修任务多目标调度方法

针对战时武器装备维修保障问题,建立了包括最大完工时间、延迟时间和维修单元负荷在内的多目标优化调度模型。为提高解的多样性和收敛性,构建了一种基于Pareto排序法和小生境技术相结合的遗传算法用于模型求解,引入Pareto排序和拥挤距离进行适应度计算,通过混沌系统随机生成权重系数,并使用小生境技术改进选择方式。通过实例验证表明,该方法能够有效地解决装备维修多目标调度问题。