谈大学物理设计性实验的实现

根据多年的学习和教学经验,从实验方法的确定;测量方法的选择;测量仪器的选择与配套;测量条件与最佳参数的确定;实施方案的拟定等几个方面,探讨了做好设计性实验的方法和原则。     

仪器柔度标定误差对杨氏模量压入识别的影响

针对材料杨氏模量仪器化压入识别的2种代表性方法——Oliver-Pharr方法和Ma方法,通过有限元数值模拟分析了仪器柔度标定误差对杨氏模量识别精度的影响。结果表明：仪器柔度及压入载荷越大,由标定误差导致的杨氏模量识别误差越大;当材料较软且压入深度较大时,仪器柔度的标定误差甚至可能导致材料杨氏模量的识别结果为负值;通过比较证明,Ma方法比Oliver-Pharr方法具有较低的仪器柔度敏感性和较高的测试精度。     

航空磁探仪目标运动分析仿真研究

针对航空磁探仪目标运动分析问题,分析了目标运动要素确定方法。首先,采用蒙特卡洛仿真和统计分析法研究了目标运动要素估计误差的分布规律;然后,结合最小二乘定位法,给出了目标运动参数及其误差的简化算法;最后,分析了影响目标运动要素解算精度的主要因素。研究结果可为磁探仪的使用、攻潜武器的选择和攻潜效果的预测提供参考。     

Effects of total pressures and equivalence ratios on kerosene/air rotating detonation engines using a paralleling CE/SE method

In this paper, the kerosene/air rotating detonation engines(RDE) are numerically investigated, and the emphasis is laid on the effects of total pressures and equivalence ratios on the operation characteristics of RDE including the initiation, instabilities, and propulsive performance. A hybrid MPI + OpenMP parallel computing model is applied and it is proved to be able to obtain a more effective parallel performance on high performance computing(HPC) systems. A series of cases with the total pressure of 1 MPa, 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa, and the equivalence ratio of 0.9, 1, 1.4 are simulated. On one hand, the total pressure shows a significant impact on the instabilities of rotating detonation waves. The instability phenomenon is observed in cases with low total pressure (1 MPa) and weakened with the increase of the total pressure. The total pressure has a small impact on the detonation wave velocity and the specific impulse. On the other hand, the equivalence ratio shows a negligible influence on the instabilities, while it affects the ignition process and accounts for the detonation velocity deficit. It is more difficult to initiate rotating detonation waves directly in the lean fuel operation condition. Little difference was observed in the thrust with different equivalence ratios of 0.9, 1, and 1.4. The highest specific impulse was obtained in the lean fuel cases, which is around 2700 s. The findings could provide insights into the understanding of the operation characteristics of kerosene/air RDE.     

Research on fuze microswitch based on corona discharge effect

Abnormal voltages such as electrostatic, constant current, and strong electromagnetic signals can erro-neously trigger operation of MEMS pyrotechnics and control systems in a fuze, which may result in casualties. This study designs a solid-state micro-scale switch by combining the corona gas discharge theory of asymmetric electric fields and Peek's Law. The MEMS switch can be transferred from "off" to"on" through the gas breakdown between the corona electrodes. In the model, one of the two electrodes is spherical and the other flat, so a non-uniform electric field is formed around the electrodes. The theoretical work is as follows. First, the relation among the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode, the discharge gap, and the air breakdown voltage is obtained; to meet the low voltage (30-60 V) required to drive the MEMS switch, the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode needs to be 10-50 μm and the discharge gap between the two electrodes needs to be 9-11 μm. Second, the optimal ratio ε is introduced to parameterize the model. Finally, the corona discharge structural parameters are determined by comparing the theoretical and electric field simulation results. The switch is then fabricated via MEMS processing. A hardware test platform is built and the performing chip tested. It is found that when the electrode gap is 9 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 37.3 V, with an error of 2.6% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. When the electrode gap is 11 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 42.3 V, with an error of 10.5% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. Both cases meet the design requirements.     

加速度计动态误差系数标定的仿真研究

为了简化加速度计动态误差系数的标定过程,缩短标定试验时间,在建立加速度计动态误差数学模型的基础上,结合三轴转台模型及测试原理,一次性标定出加速度计动态误差系数,同时避免了角振动台的使用。最后利用MATLAB软件进行仿真试验,得到了较好的结果。     

基于星敏感器的陀螺仪误差参数实时修正

主要研究导弹发射升空以后,通过星敏感器测星实现对捷联惯导系统中陀螺仪误差参数的实时修正技术。从传统的星光制导原理出发,通过对数学平台系失调角的分析,论证了基于单星敏感器情况下的陀螺仪误差参数分离方法,并给出了具体的仿真结果,对实际系统的使用具有一定的指导意义。     

一种适用于非合作源雷达的波束形成技术

非合作源雷达要完成对运动目标的检测,必须能够有效地抑制强烈的直达波信号。常规的波束形成方法在存在阵元误差的情况下,其性能将显著下降。提出的数值式波束形成算法既可以实现误差校正,又能在已知的干扰方向上形成较深的零陷,且能保持主瓣的形状和限制副瓣的响应。     

近距引导战斗机自动攻击控制律实现

针对现代战斗机向目标空域的近距引导过程,建立了战斗机与目标相对运动的数学模型,提出了战斗机自动攻击的概念,并推导出一种基于瞄准误差的战斗机近距引导律。在此基础上,设计了近距引导战斗机自动攻击控制律。最后对基于瞄准误差的引导算法进行仿真,结果表明基于瞄准误差的近距引导方法很好地消除了瞄准误差,能够满足战斗机近距引导指标。     

Maximizing the ratio of two convex functions over a convex set

The purpose of this article is to present an algorithm for globally maximizing the ratio of two convex functions f and g over a convex set X. To our knowledge, this is the first algorithm to be proposed for globally solving this problem. The algorithm uses a branch and bound search to guarantee that a global optimal solution is found. While it does not require the functions f and g to be differentiable, it does require that subgradients of g can be calculated efficiently. The main computational effort of the algorithm involves solving a sequence of subproblems that can be solved by convex programming methods. When X is polyhedral, these subproblems can be solved by linear programming procedures. Because of these properties, the algorithm offers a potentially attractive means for globally maximizing ratios of convex functions over convex sets. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006