Equivalent accelerated life testing plans for log‐location‐scale distributions

Accelerated life testing (ALT) is widely used to determine the failure time distribution of a product and the associated life‐stress relationship in order to predict the product's reliability under normal operating conditions. Many types of stress loadings such as constant‐stress, step‐stress and cyclic‐stress can be utilized when conducting ALT. Extensive research has been conducted on the analysis of ALT data obtained under a specified stress loading. However, the equivalency of ALT experiments involving different stress loadings has not been investigated. In this article, a log‐location‐scale distribution under Type I censoring is considered in planning ALT. An idea is provided for the equivalency of various ALT plans involving different stress loadings. Based on this idea, general equivalent ALT plans and some special types of equivalent ALT plans are explored. For demonstration, a constant‐stress ALT and a ramp‐stress ALT for miniature lamps are presented and their equivalency is investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Dynamic signatures and their use in comparing the reliability of new and used systems

The signature of a system with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes is a vector whose ith element is the probability that the ith component failure is fatal to the system. System signatures have been found to be quite useful tools in the study and comparison of engineered systems. In this article, the theory of system signatures is extended to versions of signatures applicable in dynamic reliability settings. It is shown that, when a working used system is inspected at time t and it is noted that precisely k failures have occurred, the vector s [0,1]^n‐k whose jth element is the probability that the (k + j)th component failure is fatal to the system, for j = 1,2,2026;,n ‐ k, is a distribution‐free measure of the design of the residual system. Next, known representation and preservation theorems for system signatures are generalized to dynamic versions. Two additional applications of dynamic signatures are studied in detail. The well‐known “new better than used” (NBU) property of aging systems is extended to a uniform (UNBU) version, which compares systems when new and when used, conditional on the known number of failures. Sufficient conditions are given for a system to have the UNBU property. The application of dynamic signatures to the engineering practice of “burn‐in” is also treated. Specifically, we consider the comparison of new systems with working used systems burned‐in to a given ordered component failure time. In a reliability economics framework, we illustrate how one might compare a new system to one successfully burned‐in to the kth component failure, and we identify circumstances in which burn‐in is inferior (or is superior) to the fielding of a new system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

Optimizing fishbone aisles for dual‐command operations in a warehouse

Unit‐load warehouses store and retrieve unit‐loads, typically pallets. When storage and retrieval operations are not coordinated, travel is from a pickup and deposit (P&D) point to a pallet location and back again. In some facilities, workers interleave storage and retrieval operations to form a dual‐command cycle. Two new aisle designs proposed by Gue and Meller (“Improving the unit‐load warehouse.” In Progress in Material Handling Research: 2006. Material Handling Industry of America, Charlotte, NC, 2006) use diagonal aisles to reduce the travel distance to a single pallet location by approximately 10 and 20[percnt] for the two designs, respectively. We develop analytical expressions for travel between pallet locations for one of these—the fishbone design. We then compare fishbone warehouses that have been optimized for dual‐command to traditional warehouses that have been optimized in the same manner, and show that an optimal fishbone design reduces dual‐command travel by 10–15%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 54: 389–403, 2009     

超视距机群空战效能评估模型研究(英文)

针对超视距机群空战仿真的应用场合,建立了一种超视距机群空战的效能评估模型.该模型首先通过分析超视距空战的特点,在导弹攻击典型时间序列的基础上,对抢先发射导弹这一随机事件分三种情况进行了具体研究,得出计算飞机损失数的解析表达式.然后讨论了超视距空战中抢先情况的条件,提出了抢先概率的计算方法.最后着重对抢先发射、抢先发射区域的影响因素以及飞机机动性对空战结果的影响进行了分析.     

末制导段比例导引法的改进

为了消除比例导引法末制导段的各种干扰因素,抑制法向过载的跳动,基于广义卡尔曼滤波多步估计理论,提出了将拦截导弹直接向瞬时遭遇点导引的末制导导引方法,并进行了计算机仿真.仿真结果表明,该方法可以明显消除或减小末制导段比例导引律的各种干扰因素,抑制法向过载的跳动,改善末制导的弹道特性,减小脱靶量,缩短拦截时间.     

灰色-马尔科夫模型在机场道面使用性能预测中的应用

介绍利用灰色-马尔科夫模型对机场道面使用性能进行预测的基本方法和具体步骤,并给出了工程实例.应用分析表明,该方法能够充分利用机场道面使用中各段历史数据,较好地对机场道面使用性能进行预测,且预测结果比单纯的灰色模型有更高的精度.     

油罐罐底渗漏模拟试验及渗漏量计算

油罐罐底渗漏不仅会造成巨大的经济损失和环境污染,甚至还会带来火灾爆炸,严重威胁存储油料场所安全。因此,主动掌握油罐渗漏量数值范围和渗漏发展规律,显得很有必要。利用模拟油罐渗漏装置在微压条件下进行了无砂垫和有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏速率试验,获得了渗漏速率的数值范围并运用Matlab对数据进行处理,拟合出有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏量计算的经验公式。试验分析表明有砂垫罐底小孔渗漏量比无砂垫时的渗漏量在数值上小很多,此结果将为加压条件下的渗漏试验奠定基础。     

Repairable consecutive‐k‐out‐of‐n: F system with Markov dependence

In this article, a model for a repairable consecutive‐k‐out‐of‐n: F system with Markov dependence is studied. A binary vector is used to represent the system state. The failure rate of a component in the system depends on the state of the preceding component. The failure risk of a system state is then introduced. On the basis of the failure risk, a priority repair rule is adopted. Then the transition density matrix can be determined, and the analysis of the system reliability can be conducted accordingly. One example each of a linear and a circular system is then studied in detail to explain the model and methodology developed in this paper. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 18–39, 2000     

自行火炮内燃机故障先期预测中的仿真应用

通过对自行火炮内燃机汽缸工作过程进行建模 ,并应用质量损失函数 ,对其未来工作过程进行仿真 ,获得其未来工作参数 ,为对内燃机进行故障先期预测打下基础     

Estimating distribution functions from partially observed samples

Suppose that some components are initially operated in a certain condition and then switched to operating in a different condition. Working hours of the components in condition 1 and condition 2 are respectively observed. Of interest is the lifetime distribution F of the component in the second condition only, i.e., the distribution without the prior exposure to the first condition. In this paper, we propose a method to transform the lifetime obtained in condition 1 to an equivalent lifetime in condition 2 and then use the transformed data to estimate F. Both parametric and nonparametric approaches each with complete and censored data are discussed. Numerical studies are presented to investigate the performance of the method. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 521–530, 2000