高超声速飞行器中若干气动难题的实验研究

回顾了近几年本研究团队在高超声速飞行器若干气动难题方面的实验研究进展。在边界层转捩方面,测量了边界层转捩现象,研究了攻角效应对圆锥边界层转捩的影响,获得了边界层转捩的脉动特性以其对飞行器表面热流和摩阻的影响。在激波-边界层干扰方面,分析了突起物形状变化对流动特性的影响,研究了复杂外形的流动特性。     

语文教师在中学作文教学中“导”的作用

中学作文教学是整个语文教学中十分重要的一环,传统的作文教学方法忽视学生的主体作用,而"写前-写中-写后"三阶段作文教学法突出了语文教师应有的"引导"作用,在作文教学中侧重对学生主体性的调动,让作文教学在语文教师"导"的作用下更好地成为教与学的互动平台,进一步提高学生的写作能力。     

A novel gradient approach for optimal design and sensitivity analysis of EWMA control charts

Conventional control charts are often designed to optimize out‐of‐control average run length (ARL), while constraining in‐control ARL to a desired value. The widely employed grid search approach in statistical process control (SPC) is time‐consuming with unsatisfactory accuracy. Although the simulation‐based ARL gradient estimators proposed by Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] can alleviate this issue, it still requires a large number of simulation runs to significantly reduce the variance of gradient estimators. This article proposes a novel ARL gradient estimation approach based on integral equation for efficient analysis and design of control charts. Although this article compares with the results of Fu and Hu [Manag Sci 45 (1999), 395–413] based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, the proposed approach has wide applicability as it can generally fit into any control chart with Markovian property under any distributions. It is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a fast, accurate, and easy‐to‐implement algorithm for the design and analysis of EWMA charts, as compared to the simulation‐based gradient estimation method. Moreover, the proposed gradient estimation method facilitates the computation of high‐order derivatives that are valuable in sensitivity analysis. The code is written in Matlab, which is available on request. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 223–237, 2014     

A branch‐and‐price approach for the stochastic generalized assignment problem

In this article, we address a stochastic generalized assignment machine scheduling problem in which the processing times of jobs are assumed to be random variables. We develop a branch‐and‐price (B&P) approach for solving this problem wherein the pricing problem is separable with respect to each machine, and has the structure of a multidimensional knapsack problem. In addition, we explore two other extensions of this method—one that utilizes a dual‐stabilization technique and another that incorporates an advanced‐start procedure to obtain an initial feasible solution. We compare the performance of these methods with that of the branch‐and‐cut (B&C) method within CPLEX. Our results show that all B&P‐based approaches perform better than the B&C method, with the best performance obtained for the B&P procedure that includes both the extensions aforementioned. We also utilize a Monte Carlo method within the B&P scheme, which affords the use of a small subset of scenarios at a time to estimate the “true” optimal objective function value. Our experimental investigation reveals that this approach readily yields solutions lying within 5% of optimality, while providing more than a 10‐fold savings in CPU times in comparison with the best of the other proposed B&P procedures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 131–143, 2014     

多态的大功率可控硅开关功率放大器的仿真

为了满足远距离海底探测对发射信号大功率的需求,选用了一种大功率可控硅开关功率放大器。在临界换流、自然换流和强迫换流3种工作状态下,分析了该功率放大器的工作原理,并建立了等效电路模型。运用Or CAD仿真了临界换流状态时的等效电路模型;在自然换流状态和强迫换流状态下,为获得功放电流值和负载电流值,对其等效电路模型分别建立了非线性数学模型,并通过Matlab和VC++采用四阶Runge-Kutta法对非线性数学模型进行求解。以上方法能够求得该功率放大器电路在任意时刻、任意点处的电流电压值,能较客观、真实地反映电路的工作状况,对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

小子样条件下导弹靶场试验综合评定方法

针对导弹靶场试验中的小子样问题,分析了自助法和随机加权法,并对自助法中再生子样较为集中的不足进行了改进。通过仿真比较得出,改进后的自助法具有更好的评定特性。     

单站单圈卫星初轨确定方法研究

为实现低轨卫星轨道的快速确定和预报,基于单站单圈雷达站测量数据采用遗传算法和最小二乘法对卫星初轨确定及轨道预测问题进行了研究。通过比较分析不同观测误差下两种方法的仿真结果,验证了初轨确定过程中两种方法的可行性,同时指出了各自的优缺点和适用条件,为不同观测条件下卫星最优初轨确定的方法提供了参考。     

双源连续波对引信的辐照效应研究

为研究复杂电磁环境对某引信的影响,从双源连续波入手,运用双源连续波对工作状态某引信辐照的实验方法进行实验.实验结果表明,在以引信工作频率为中心的150MHz频率范围内对加电引信进行双源连续波辐照实验可使引信发火,辐照结束后引信工作正常,实验的重复性较好.两连续波频率间隔不同,可使引信发火的场强组合数值大小不相同,实验中当两连续波远离引信工作频率且频差10MHz以上时,发火场强组合近似呈线性.最后对双源连续波对引信的辐照效应机理作了分析,两连续波频率间隔不同,引信发火机理不同.     

SECURITY GOVERNANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

In the ten years since the establishment of South Africa's first inclusive democratic government, an ambitious, extensive and systematic process of reform has been carried out in the governance of security. The process is widely regarded as having been successful and a model for other processes of ‘security sector reform’ in the context of transitions from authoritarian forms of governance to democratic ones.

That this been achieved with hardly a shot fired in anger is a remarkable achievement and a credit to visionary political leadership as well as organisational capacity, in other words to effective security governance.

At the same time, progress has been uneven and sometimes fragmentary, policy intentions and commitments have not always been translated into practice, the end results have not been to everyone's liking, and transformation has engendered its own pathologies. Thus several challenges remain in improving security governance.

This article provides a broad overview of the roles played by the various actors in the governance of the security sector, including the executive, parliament and civil society. It examines the main policy frameworks and touches on organisational transformation, because it is impossible to deal with governance in isolation from these issues. Policy processes and the frameworks they give rise to—in particular—are critical for effective governance. This article deals with the defence, safety and security and intelligence fields. A comprehensive overview would need to include the governance of criminal justice and foreign policy. The article does not seek to make an overall evaluation of governance, but to identify achievements, shortfalls and challenges.     

基于步进加速寿命试验的制导弹药储存寿命评估

介绍步进应力加速寿命试验原理,通过对制导弹药自动导引头贮存状态和失效机理的分析,确定了加速寿命试验应力和应力水平．假设产品寿命服从威布尔分布,应用极大似然估计和Bayes的方法处理数据,建立制导弹药可靠储存寿命预测模型,并计算得到自动导引头在正常应力水平下的可靠储存寿命．