Numerical simulation of base flow with hot base bleed for two jet models

In order to improve the benefits of base bleed in base flow field, the base flow with hot base bleed for two jet models is studied. Two-dimensional axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations are computed by using a finite volume scheme. The base flow of a cylinder afterbody with base bleed is simulated. The simulation results are validated with the experimental data, and the experimental results are well reproduced. On this basis, the base flow fields with base bleed for a circular jet model and an annulus jet model are investigated by selecting the injection temperature from 830 K to 2200 K. The results show that the base pressure of the annular jet model is higher than that of the circular jet model with the changes of the injection parameter and the injection temperature. For the circular jet model, the hot gases are concentrated in the vicinity of the base. For the annular jet model, the bleed gases flow into the shear layer directly so that the hot gases are concentrated in the shear layer. The latter temperature distribution is better for the increase of base pressure.     

移动式排烟在公路隧道火灾救援中的应用探讨

近年来我国公路隧道的建设迅速发展,然而公路隧道由于空间相对封闭,发生火灾情况下的烟气排除成为了难点。结合公路隧道通风排烟方式,探讨临界风速在隧道火灾排烟时的应用,并分析了公路隧道纵向空气流对火灾烟气流动的影响,指出不同流速的空气流对火灾烟气的影响效果不同,同时阐述了隧道内移动风机的气流环流现象。最后提出了基于不同火灾位置的排烟方案,为消防部队隧道火灾的排烟战术提供参考。     

高超声速飞行器中若干气动难题的实验研究

回顾了近几年本研究团队在高超声速飞行器若干气动难题方面的实验研究进展。在边界层转捩方面,测量了边界层转捩现象,研究了攻角效应对圆锥边界层转捩的影响,获得了边界层转捩的脉动特性以其对飞行器表面热流和摩阻的影响。在激波-边界层干扰方面,分析了突起物形状变化对流动特性的影响,研究了复杂外形的流动特性。     

数值模拟气/气喷嘴速度比对燃烧性能的影响

为研究应用于全流量补燃循环发动机的不同气/气喷嘴得到的燃烧流场,通过求解NavierStokes方程组,对不同燃料与氧化剂速度比下的流动燃烧过程进行了数值计算,计算结果与实验结果吻合。仿真结果表明:增加速度比能使燃烧火焰面提前,燃烧效率变大。如果发动机的长度受到限制,可以适当增加速度比以实现高效燃烧。     

SECURITY GOVERNANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

In the ten years since the establishment of South Africa's first inclusive democratic government, an ambitious, extensive and systematic process of reform has been carried out in the governance of security. The process is widely regarded as having been successful and a model for other processes of ‘security sector reform’ in the context of transitions from authoritarian forms of governance to democratic ones.

That this been achieved with hardly a shot fired in anger is a remarkable achievement and a credit to visionary political leadership as well as organisational capacity, in other words to effective security governance.

At the same time, progress has been uneven and sometimes fragmentary, policy intentions and commitments have not always been translated into practice, the end results have not been to everyone's liking, and transformation has engendered its own pathologies. Thus several challenges remain in improving security governance.

This article provides a broad overview of the roles played by the various actors in the governance of the security sector, including the executive, parliament and civil society. It examines the main policy frameworks and touches on organisational transformation, because it is impossible to deal with governance in isolation from these issues. Policy processes and the frameworks they give rise to—in particular—are critical for effective governance. This article deals with the defence, safety and security and intelligence fields. A comprehensive overview would need to include the governance of criminal justice and foreign policy. The article does not seek to make an overall evaluation of governance, but to identify achievements, shortfalls and challenges.     

装备保障资源确定技术研究与需求分析系统开发

维修资源是实施装备维修工作的物质基础和重要保证,无论是平时训练还是战时抢修,维修资源都占据着十分重要的地位,不仅影响着装备的寿命周期费用(Life Cycle Costs,LCC),还直接影响着装备的战备完好率以及部队战斗力的保持和恢复.应用更加科学高效的方法确定保障资源,是维修决策面临的重要问题之一.据此,着眼于部队装备维修保障现状需求,将维修任务分配与保障资源需求紧密结合,提出了保障资源确定分析流程,并对分析过程中的关键技术进行了相应的研究,建立了典型的维修决策模型,优化了保障资源配置.最后开发了计算机辅助决策分析系统,为维修资源的优化配置起到了很好的辅助决策作用.     

轴对称物体空泡流动的数值计算

基于势流理论和边界元方法,对水下运动的回转体的空泡流进行了数值模拟.将半经验空泡封闭模型由平面流动推广至轴对称流动.对头部为圆锥的圆柱体空泡流动进行了数值计算.分析了空化数、半锥角、空泡长度间的关系.计算与实验结果符合较好.     

基于排队论的油料供给最优化分析

通过有限源排队系统的理论,分析油料供给工作中在满足一定的可靠性要求下的最优设计与最优分配问题,同时结合计算机技术,提出了求数值解的方法。     

几种固体润滑层的减摩抗磨性能与耐腐蚀性能研究

在MFT-R4000摩擦磨损试验机上考察了几种固体润滑层的减摩抗磨性能,并利用电化学工作站研究了其腐蚀电流和腐蚀电位的变化情况,分析了磨损表面的形貌和硫元素的化学价态变化。几种改性表面的耐腐蚀性能从好到坏的顺序为：NSL层〉SLD层〉离子渗硫〉基体;抗磨性能从好到坏的顺序为：NSL层〉SLD层〉离子渗硫〉基体;摩擦因数从大到小的顺序为：基体〉离子渗硫〉SLD层〉NSL层。NSL层的耐腐蚀性能和抗磨减摩性能最好,原因主要是基础油和纳米材料的润滑作用和屏蔽作用。     

超音速气流中热塑性复合材料壁板的非线性热颤振特性

热塑性复合材料结构在高速流场中的颤振行为是可重复使用航天器设计中需要考虑的问题.基于Mindlin厚板理论和Von-Karman大变形理论描述热塑性复合壁板结构大变形,超音速气动力采用活塞气动理论.考虑温度引起的壁板面内热应力和热塑性材料力学性能的改变.根据虚功原理和有限元法推导建立了热塑性复合材料壁板的热颤振模型,进...