建筑设计消防审核常见技术问题探析

针对建筑设计消防审核工作中容易出现的技术问题,从消防车道与建筑中人行通道的设置、自动喷水灭火系统末端试水装置与试水阀的设置、特殊场所快速响应喷头的选用、标准喷头的设置、自动喷水灭火系统集热板的应用、室内消火栓系统阀门的设置以及防火卷帘两侧火灾探测器组与警报装置的设置等方面解读了相关消防技术规范的规定,系统分析了建筑设计消防审核中的常见错误与问题,提出了有关技术规范规定的合理解释和使用建议。     

古建筑防火新技术研究

阐述了古建筑火灾的危险性,并从本质安全的角度研究了古建筑中木材、纤维织物的阻燃措施。指出木材的阻燃处理方法通常采用物理和化学方法,而化学方法可采用表面涂覆、浸渍处理、化学改性三种方法;纤维织物阻燃处理采用共聚阻燃改性、共混阻燃改性、阻燃后整理、接枝共聚、皮芯型复合纺丝等方法。可以根据具体情况选用合适的阻燃处理方法,从而达到降低材料可燃性的目的,大大提高古建筑的火灾风险等级。     

超高层建筑消防安全问题及对策

建筑高度超过一百米的建筑称为超高层建筑,超高层建筑的增多,为现代化城市带来生机与活力,但也给城市消防安全带来了新的难题,分析了超高层建筑消防安全问题,针对超高层建筑的火灾特点,提出预防和控制超高层建筑火灾的措施。     

某超高层建筑消防供水系统性能分析

对几种超高层建筑内部的分区供水方式原理及其优缺点进行了分析,以某超高层建筑为例,分析了消防给水系统的供水方式,以及此供水方式下系统的压力流量和组件的设置,并与《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》中的相关要求进行比较,分析在超高层建筑特有的供水方式下固定灭火设施的各项参数是否符合规范要求,为超高层建筑的消防给水设计提供了一定的借鉴和参考.     

军事办公建筑被动式节能设计策略

军事办公建筑的节能设计与使用,对推动节能减排、促进军营建设具有重要意义。通过对被动式节能设计策略的研究,从建筑设计的视角,以军事办公建筑设计为突破口,分析能耗现状,明确设计目标和思路,从空间设计布局、围护结构热工性能、遮阳系统设置、自然通风与自然采光等方面,探讨被动式节能设计策略在军事办公建筑设计中的应用。结合特定环境,寻求贯穿节能设计始终的适宜技术,充分发挥被动式节能技术集成的优势。通过多项节能技术的协同作用,可以强化和扩大节能措施带来的节能效应,在降低能耗的同时创造出健康、舒适、高效的办公环境。     

超高层建筑火灾防控对策探讨

随着我国经济建设的迅猛发展,超高层建筑不断涌现,但是超高层建筑火灾案例反映出其消防安全问题不容乐观,因此,加强超高层建筑的消防安全管理,提高灭火救援能力,是当前消防部队必须解决的重大课题.分析了超高层建筑特有的火灾风险,从主动预防和有效救援两个层面,探讨了超高层建筑火灾预防对策与灭火救援对策,以提高防控超高层建筑火灾的能力,保护人民生命财产安全.     

浅谈高层建筑竖向疏散通道防排烟问题

烟气毒害是阻碍人员疏散和实施救援行动、致使人员伤亡的主要原因之一,因此,做好高层建筑的防排烟设计,提高防排烟系统的实际效用,有着极其重要的意义。分析了高层建筑防排烟设计的重要性,并以竖向疏散通道防排烟系统设置为例,介绍了高层建筑防排烟设计工作中存在的问题以及相应的改善策略。     

以强军目标为统领 深化武警院校学科建设

针对学科建设在院校发展、人才培养中的重要作用,结合武警院校学科建设实际,探讨了如何以强军目标为牵引,把握武警院校学科建设着力点应关注的问题。强军目标指向清晰,决定人才培养目的,必须突出学科发展重点;强军目标内容完整,提出人才培养要求,必须优化学科体系架构;强军目标任务繁重,需要人才培养支撑,必须加大学科建设力度。     

Bioprotection of facilities

The anthrax attacks of 2001 energized research directed toward reducing health consequences from airborne contaminants by augmenting current heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Even during peacetime, interest will continue in improving HVAC components to reduce biocontaminants associated with sick building syndrome. Current HVAC design uses numerical simulation methods of ordinary differential equations to predict approximate performance. The authors show that state-space Laplace Transform calculations actually solve the underlying differential equations and yield algebraic expressions that provide new insight. To sharpen the arguments in favor of this methodology, attention is restricted to improving existing HVAC systems to increase protection from an external release of hazardous particulates. By nearly eliminating the need for dynamical simulation, the resulting methods can be applied to far more complex HVAC designs with little additional computational effort. The new methods reduce the time required for computation by three orders of magnitude. These algebraic methods also can be extended to disparate technical problems including internal particulate release, gas masks, and designing new protective buildings.     

Progressive Type‐II censoring and coherent systems

A new connection between the distribution of component failure times of a coherent system and (adaptive) progressively Type‐II censored order statistics is established. Utilizing this property, we develop inferential procedures when the data is given by all component failures until system failure in two scenarios: In the case of complete information, we assume that the failed component is also observed whereas in the case of incomplete information, we have only information about the failure times but not about the components which have failed. In the first setting, we show that inferential methods for adaptive progressively Type‐II censored data can directly be applied to the problem. For incomplete information, we face the problem that the corresponding censoring plan is not observed and that the available inferential procedures depend on the knowledge of the used censoring plan. To get estimates for distributional parameters, we propose maximum likelihood estimators which can be obtained by solving the likelihood equations directly or via an Expectation‐Maximization‐algorithm type procedure. For an exponential distribution, we discuss also a linear estimator to estimate the mean. Moreover, we establish exact distributions for some estimators in the exponential case which can be used, for example, to construct exact confidence intervals. The results are illustrated by a five component bridge system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 512–530, 2015