大攻角下基于卡尔曼滤波的大气参数修正算法

针对新一代航空飞行器在大攻角飞行时大气数据系统测量精度严重下降问题,提出了基于卡尔曼滤波的大气参数修正算法。该算法利用大气数据测量信息和惯性导航信息,基于飞行器力学方程构建卡尔曼滤波器,通过卡尔曼滤波的方法实现对大气参数的修正。仿真结果表明,经卡尔曼滤波修正后的大气参数能够有效消除大攻角下原始大气参数的剧烈波动性误差,并与真实大气参数吻合较好,有效的提高了大气数据系统在大攻角飞行状态下的测量精度和可靠性。     

桅杆模型中纤绳初张力识别

桅杆有限元模型一般用实测平衡张力作为纤绳的初张力,研究表明这种做法对桅杆振动特性的影响不可忽略,有必要对有限元模型中纤绳初张力进行识别。针对实测数据可能少于、恰好或多于能确定纤绳初张力所需数目等3种情况,分别给出了纤绳初张力的识别方法,并结合算例对方法进行了验证,结果表明其方法执行效率高,提高了桅杆有限元分析的准确性。     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

反电动势对无扰载荷航天器精确定向的影响

无扰载荷航天器中非接触式作动器反电动势会引起有效载荷模块与支持模块之间的耦合,影响有效载荷模块的精确定向性能。通过建立无扰载荷航天器的耦合动力学模型,分析非接触式作动器反电动势对有效载荷模块精确定向性能的影响。考虑六支杆立方构型无扰载荷接口,结合拉格朗日方程和牛顿欧拉方法建立有效载荷模块平台动力学模型。推导非接触式作动器的输出力模型,并引入有效载荷模块平台动力学模型,给出考虑非接触式作动器反电动势的耦合动力学模型。将支持模块上飞轮动静不平衡引起的谐振作为干扰力矩,建立了无扰载荷航天器在轨定向状态的Simulink仿真模型。仿真结果表明,反电动势系数越大,干扰力矩对有效载荷模块的影响越大,有效载荷模块精确定向精度越低。     

Research and development of training pistols for laser shooting simulation system

Firearm shooting simulators are effective means for training the personnel in armed forces, police and shooting athletes. Shooter–weapon is a complex biomechanical system, therefore the best training quality is achieved when the process of a weapon shot is reconstructed in a training simulator and its training weapon mimics the (feeling) perception of the real weapon usage. Dynamics of motions of a handgun simulator held in the hand of a shooter by its grip during the shot is analysed theoretically and experimentally. Breech lock mechanism of the simulator is actuated pneumatically by supplying compressed air in pulses from external pressure source. Analysis of the obtained simulation results and experimentally recorded motion parameters of the training weapon body reveals that application of pneumatic drives is a reasonable option to simulate recoil perception of a pistol.     

Theoretical calculation and experimental study on the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP

The combination of 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) can make greater use of the chemical energy of TKX-50 based energetic materials. The research on the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP is very important for designing TKX-50-AP compounds and judging the formation feasibility of composite particles, which can lay a theoretical foundation for the preparation of TKX-50-AP mixed crystals and the application of TKX-50 in propellant, propellant and explosive. Herein, in order to research the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP, density-functional theory calculation was applied to optimize three configurations of TKX-50-AP compounds. The geometry structure, electrostatic potential and binding energy of the compounds were predicted, and the electronic density topological analysis was also carried out. Then TKX-50-AP mixed crystals structures were constructed, and the radial distribution function of H–O and H–N in mixed crystals was calculated. Finally, solvent/non-solvent method was applied to prepare TKX-50-AP composites, and the infrared spectroscopy and the non-isothermal decomposition performance of the composites were characterized. Results show that the superposition of positive charges in TKX-50 molecule and negative charges in AP makes the electrostatic potential distributions of TKX-50-AP compounds different from that of TKX-50 and AP. The interaction energies of TKX-50-AP 1, TKX-50-AP 2 and TKX-50-AP 3 are 39.743 kJ/mol, 61.206 kJ/mol and 27.702 kJ/mol, respectively. The interaction between TKX-50 molecules and AP molecules in TKX-50-AP mixed crystals both depends on hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, and the number and strength of hydrogen bonds are significantly greater than that of van der Waals force. The composition of AP and TKX-50 makes the absorption peak of the five-membered rings and NH₃OH⁺ of TKX-50 shift to low wavenumber in the infrared spectroscopy. In general, TKX-50 interacts with AP via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The composition of TKX-50 and AP can also prolong the decomposition process.     

拖缆系统回转运动仿真计算

用三因次拖缆系统动力平衡运动方程式 ,在时间和空间上作中心差分数值离散平衡方程式 ,编制了拖缆回转运动计算程序 .在拖缆尾端自由边界条件中 ,将尾绳阻力作为自由尾端点的张力 ,改善了因自由尾端张力为零引起的差分方程奇异性 ,使仿真计算更加稳定 .将阵形坐标值转换到拖点运动坐标系中 ,便于拖船观察回转机动中阵形的变化 .仿真计算了两个拖曳阵试验模型 ,仿真结果与试验比较吻合较好 .对实尺寸拖曳线列阵进行了仿真计算 ,讨论了拖点速度和回转半径对阵形影响     

对接组合体初始姿态影响的建模研究

建立了对接过程对组合体初始姿态影响的解析与数值模型。解析模型采用相对于整体质心的动量矩定理,给出了对接完成后组合体姿态角速度计算的解析表达式。结合追踪器的绝对运动方程和目标器的相对运动方程,建立了基于对接动力学的数值模型。通过单一偏差和组合偏差两种算例,对解析和数值模型得到的组合体初始姿态角速度进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,两种模型绝对偏差在0.07°/s以内,相对偏差在10%以内,另外给出了两种模型在工程任务中各自的适用阶段。     

两种捆绑火箭弹性振动建模方法对比分析及其对姿控系统的影响

针对长助推和短助推两种类型捆绑火箭的不同模态特点,分析了两者弹性振动建模方法的区别和联系,在此基础上建立了某型固体捆绑火箭姿态动力学新模型,模型中基于有限元法导出了弹性振动方程,基于该模型对箭体复杂弹性振动引起的通道间耦合进行了研究,采用逆Nyquist阵列法进行设计。结果表明,该模型能更准确地反映捆绑火箭纵、横、扭耦合运动特性;新模型三通道之间存在弹性耦合,但耦合矩阵具有对角优势性质,采用逆Nyquist阵列法进行姿控系统设计是有效的,仿真结果表明设计的控制器可行,能够取得比较好的性能。     

基于SD方法的作战指挥决策系统效能分析模型

指挥决策系统是一个非线性的复杂系统,用一般的解析方法难以对其进行效能评估。在分析指挥决策系统构成的基础上,根据指挥决策的4个要素,建立了指挥决策系统的评估指标体系;综合考虑战术和技术指标,从指挥员影响度,指挥机关影响度,指挥信息系统影响度和决策信息影响度4个方面建立了指挥决策系统效能分析模型,前两项指标可以采用层次分析法等方法确定其效能值,后两项指标利用系统动力学方法,结合实际作战的具体战术指标建模,实现了效能值的动态评估分析。