Was World War Two a Completely Just War?

ABSTRACT

According to Brian Orend’s binary political model, minimally just states possess a robust set of moral rights, while other states essentially exist in a moral vacuum in which they possess no moral rights. I argue that a more plausible comparative model would allow for a state to acquire (or lose) discrete moral rights as it improves (or damages) its moral record. This would generate a more accurate portrayal of both domestic policy within states and military conflict between states; including, in particular, the role of the Allied forces during World War Two.     

WARFARE IN A NEW DOMAIN: THE ETHICS OF MILITARY CYBER-OPERATIONS

While most normative evaluations of military cyber-operations have emerged from the legal community, this article assesses the legitimacy of such operations from a philosophical-ethical perspective. After reviewing the relationship between rights forfeiture and the jus ad bellum and jus in bello criteria of the just war tradition, it applies these criteria to several aspects of cyber-operations, including responses to cyber-activities, the use of cyber-capabilities affecting combatants and civilians, and the use of these capabilities by contractors. Finally, it briefly addresses the legitimacy of limiting rights to privacy and anonymity in service of preventing cyber-harm.     

JUST WAR AND CYBERWAR

My aim in this paper is to reflect on a very narrow question: under what conditions might a cyber-attack provide a just cause for war? I begin by articulating what makes for a just cause, briefly address the problem of attribution, and then discuss three broad categories of cyber-attack: those that clearly do not satisfy the just cause requirement, those that clearly do satisfy the just cause requirement, and three ambiguous cases – the destruction of property, the emplacement of logic bombs, and the failure to prevent cyber-attacks. My conclusions are exploratory and suggestive rather than definitive, partly by virtue of the extreme paucity of literature on the moral assessment of cyberwar.     

冷藏涉氨企业安全事故原因分析与预防措施研究

我国冷库呈现迅猛发展趋势,且多采用氨制冷系统。由于氨制冷系统存在泄漏、火灾等安全风险,一旦发生此类安全事故,易导致人员伤亡和重大财产损失,甚至出现群死群伤事件,造成不良的社会影响。基于实际案例就冷藏涉氨企业氨泄漏、火灾致氨泄漏的事故原因进行了深度分析,并根据事故原因提出了一套安全防控措施,旨在通过有效的防控措施减少此类灾害事故的发生,最大限度保护人民的生命财产安全。     

高校辅导员职业倦怠成因及干预策略

高校辅导员是开展大学生思想政治工作的骨干力量,是大学生思想政治教育和管理工作的组织者、实施者和指导者,其多重角色决定了辅导员工作的复杂性和艰巨性。多数调查表明,高校辅导员工作劳累导致成就感甚微,多数辅导员在工作中出现职业倦怠。本文结合辅导员的工作职责和工作环境,对高校辅导员职业倦怠成因及干预策略进行探讨。     

侵害企业家常见犯罪及其防范

近年来,刑事犯罪居高不下,侵害企业家的犯罪持续上升,企业家被侵害的常见犯罪尤以绑架、敲诈勒索最为突出。企业家要思想上高度重视,搞好自身防范;做好企业内部的安全防范;教育好自己的子女,以防成为被侵害目标;加大技防投入;宽以待人,为自身安全创造一个良好的环境;慎于交友;保持良好的生活方式。     

英语专业学生的中国文化失语症分析

语言与文化之间的密切关系使得英语国家文化成为英语教学的重要内容。而一些学者对部分大学生进行了使用英语转述中国特色文化话题的能力测试。结果表明,大多数受试者不能很好地用英语表达我们自己的民族文化,在可以接受的表述中还有较大部分为解释性意译。本文作者调查采用问卷形式,调查了英语专业各科英语教师50人,试图从英语专业教学的角度来分析造成英语专业中国文化失语现象的原因,并从教材、课程设置、教师能力、课外阅读等方面提出改进意见。     

正观反察英语缩略语

英语缩略语随着社会的发展而增多,随着时代的变化而变化。本文介绍了英语缩略语几种较为常见但不大引人注意的结构形式,提及了英语缩略语词典的庞大数量及缩略语的广泛应用,分析了英语缩略语广泛使用于汉语中的原因。     

磁性部件柜失效原因分析及改进措施

磁性部件柜是核动力装置重要的热控装置之一.由于原磁性部件柜是以自饱和磁放大器为基本元件,因而具有一定的缺陷.为了进一步提高核动力装置的安全可靠性,全面分析了原磁性部件柜失效的原因,提出了对磁性部件柜改进设计的原理和具体要求,最后给出了对各有关部件的改进措施.     

火灾统计失实问题的现状及对策

以四川省为例介绍火灾统计失实的情况 ,并分析火灾统计失实问题的原因 ,提出纠正火灾统计失实问题的工作意见。