The ‘Third’ US Offset Strategy and Europe’s ‘Anti-access’ Challenge

Over the last two decades, a number of countries (most notably China, Russia and Iran) have been developing so-called anti-access and area denial (A2/AD) capabilities, such as ballistic and cruise missiles, offensive cyber-weapons, electronic warfare, etc. The development of A2/AD capabilities by non-Western countries undermines the foundations of US power projection and global military-technological supremacy. In order to overcome, or at least mitigate, the impending A2/AD challenge, the US Department of Defense (DoD) began to roll out its so-called ‘third’ offset strategy in late 2014. The strategy aims to bring about innovative operational concepts and technologies and spur new doctrinal and organisational debates. This article assesses which of the operational concepts and capabilities informing current US discussions on offset may be relevant in the context of the A2/AD challenges Europeans face on their eastern ‘flank‘ and in their ‘extended southern neighbourhood‘, and which may not. Europeans must grapple with the same conceptual puzzle as the US: how to strike the right balance between defeating A2/AD capabilities and hedging against them, i.e. through alternative strategies that are less dependent on unhindered access and resort to asymmetric forms of warfare. However, they must take into account the geographical features of their eastern flank and extended southern neighbourhood, the level of technological maturity of their challengers, and their own military-technological prowess and political limitations. This suggests a somewhat different approach to offsetting A2/AD than that adopted by the US.     

Lot sizing with learning and forgetting in setups: Analytical results and insights

This article considers the dynamic lot sizing problem when there is learning and forgetting in setups. Learning in setups takes place with repetition when additional setups are made and forgetting takes place when there is a break between two successive setups. We allow the amount forgotten over a break to depend both on the length of the break and the amount of learning at the beginning of the break. The learning and forgetting functions we use are realistic. We present several analytical results and use these in developing computationally efficient algorithms for solving the problem. Some decision/forecast horizon results are also developed, and finally we present managerial insights based on our computational results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 93–108, 2016     

应用镁金属化学还原法制备多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料机理研究

以二乙烯基苯和聚硅氧烷为原料经先驱体转化法制备Si-O-C材料,利用镁金属在惰性气氛保护下高温还原制备多孔的Si/Si-O-C负极材料。利用X射线衍射、能谱分析、元素分析和场发射扫描电镜分析多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料的组成、结构、形貌,从而研究利用镁金属化学还原法制备多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料的机理。结果表明,镁金属在还原过程中生成MgO和Mg_2SiO_4等产物,经HCl洗涤后可形成多孔的Si/Si-O-C负极材料。Si/Si-O-C材料中的单质硅分布于多孔的Si-O-C相中,一定程度上可缓解Si在循环过程中产生的体积效应。利用镁金属还原Si-O-C材料制备多孔Si/Si-O-C材料是一种可行的制备方法。     

两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层

为探索一种减弱扫掠激波/边界层干扰强度的侧压方式,采用数值计算方法研究两道同侧扫掠激波作用下形成的三维平板边界层。对三维边界层的流动机理进行研究,并与相同气流偏转角的一道扫掠激波作用下形成的三维边界层进行定量比较。研究表明,存在两道同侧扫掠激波时,第一道扫掠激波使侧壁附近边界层变薄,进而使第二道扫掠激波与再附形成的边界层的相互作用减弱,从而总的效果是两道扫掠激波与边界层的相互作用强度比一道扫掠激波的弱;两道扫掠激波的气流总偏转角与一道扫掠激波的相同,相交后汇聚成的激波强度与一道扫掠激波的基本相同,之前被两道扫掠激波"扫"起来的边界层在汇聚激波作用下还呈现锥形流动,分离线和来流的夹角也与一道扫掠激波的基本相同。     

形状记忆合金自复位减振装置研制与验证

为改善第二喉道中的可调中心体机构(简称中心体)在工作状态下的流致振动,根据形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy, SMA)偏置双程驱动原理,设计制作一种能够满足中心体有限安装空间要求的SMA自复位减振装置;采用UMAT接口编制的SMA本构关系子程序实现减振装置最大压紧力的数值分析,数值分析与静态调试试验结果误差约为2.58%;搭建地面减振试验平台,测试SMA自复位减振装置分离和闭合状态下的中心体零部件振动响应。减振试验结果显示:SMA自复位减振装置闭合后,中心体振动响应明显降低,在0～100 Hz频带内,均有明显的减振效果,低频至55 Hz范围内,减振率均大于50%。     

DS/FH信号跟踪的频率相位修正技术

直序/跳频(direct sequence/frequency hopping, DS/FH)扩频信号的跟踪受到多普勒效应和电离层效应的严重影响,使其难以应用于卫星导航的抗干扰领域。为了解决该问题,提出将递归最小二乘滤波修正的方法应用在DS/FH信号跟踪上。将处于不同通道中心频率的多普勒频率估计转化到DS/FH信号的整体中心频率进行并滤波,在频率捷变时对载波数控振荡器进行修正。根据对频率跳变前后载波相位和码相位突变的观察,实时估计电离层的电子密度,在频率捷变时修正载波相位和码相位。仿真实验证明,所提方法能够有效地消除DS/FH信号跟踪中的频率相位不连续问题,其跟踪精度与直序扩频信号度基本是相同量级。     

卫星中心承力筒结构优化设计研究

利用有限元软件ANSYS建立复合材料中心承力筒式卫星平台结构的参数化有限元分析模型,计算了整星结构振动模态,在此基础上对复合材料蜂窝夹层中心承力筒结构分析模型进行简化,在满足结构的强度、变形、振动和屈曲约束条件下,对承力筒结构进行优化设计,并对多种方案进行比较,提出的方法和思路为今后同类结构设计提供了参考。     

涵盖I/O的广义存储一致性模型

作为计算机体系结构核心问题之一的存储一致性研究主要是围绕CPU访存一致性问题展开的,I/O设备DMA操作引发的存储一致性问题则一直处于研究的边缘。从I/O与存储体系结构一体化设计理念出发,针对支持全局DMA访问的分布共享存储(DSM)系统存储一致性问题,研究广义存储一致性,定义了涵盖I/O的广义程序概念,建立了广义域存储一致性模型,研究了基于广义域存储一致性模型的Cache-Memory-I/O一致性协议实现技术,对于DSM系统实现全局共享I/O具有指导意义和参考价值。     

Ni-Co-P／导电聚苯胺复合材料电磁和红外性能

采用化学镀对高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺（PANI/HClO4）粉体进行Ni-Co-P合金化改性,改性材料磁损耗因子得到提高。进行红外光谱分析,PANI/HClO4在3-5μm和8-14μm 2个大气窗口没有强吸收峰,具有雷达红外隐身兼容特性。     

基于MVC的分布式作战应用框架研究

MVC作为一种经典的软件模式,在界面程序设计和B/S系统中得到了广泛应用.随着分布式技术的发展,MVC的含义和用途变得更加广泛,不仅可以用于组件的构造,也可用于分布式程序的设计.针对MVC模式和分布式作战应用的特点进行了深入分析,提出了一种基于MVC的分布式作战应用框架,在保持传统C/S架构优势的同时,增强了系统的可扩展性,实现了业务流程和逻辑计算的有效分离,为大型C/S作战应用系统的开发提供了一个有效的架构解决方案.