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Terence M. Holmes 《战略研究杂志》2017,40(7):1039-1058
Clausewitz was much preoccupied with the apparent contradiction between real and absolute war. Why did war in history so rarely exhibit the extremes of violence and energy implied in the pure concept of war? Clausewitz’s commentators have usually followed him in thinking that this was a genuine problem in need of a solution, but I want to question that view. I will argue that Clausewitz did not have a coherent philosophy of absolute war, and therefore the contradiction he posited between real and absolute war was equally meaningless – as, too, was his effort to resolve it by claiming that some real wars approached or even attained the absolute form of war. The real problem was not the opposition of real and absolute war, but the self-contradictory theory of absolute war. 相似文献
613.
Colin Robinson 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2017,28(2):385-400
The search continues for methods to improve security for development in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of the important actors in this security arena is Sub-Saharan African governments’ armies. Much of their capability to meet security challenge depends on how militarily professional they are. The wave of democratic evolution in Africa since 1990 also affected military professionalism. This article reviews three models for assessing how democratisation might affect military professionalism in Sub-Saharan Africa, with special attention to post-conflict states. This should make it possible to decide which analytical methods are most appropriate to measure military professionalism in the particular circumstances of Sub-Saharan African post-conflict democratisation. Depending upon the particular nation-state in question, this decision on analytical methods may be useful for other Sub-Saharan states as well. 相似文献
614.
Christopher Paul Colin P. Clarke Beth Grill Molly Dunigan 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2016,27(6):1019-1042
Historically, insurgency is one of the most prevalent forms of armed conflict and it is likely to remain common in the foreseeable future. Recent experiences with counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan offer many lessons for future counterinsurgents, but the discourse on the subject continues to be mired in a traditional dichotomy pitting population-centric approaches to counterinsurgency against enemy-centric approaches. Historical analysis suggests that this traditional dichotomy is not a sufficiently nuanced way to understand or plan for such operations. Instead, discussions of counterinsurgency should focus on two dimensions: actions (use of physical force vs. political or moral actions) and targets (active insurgents vs. insurgent support). This perspective divides the space of possible counterinsurgency efforts into four quadrants, suggesting that effective counterinsurgency campaigns find a balance of effort across the four quadrants that is well matched to the specific context. 相似文献
615.
Ulrich Hendel 《Defence and Peace Economics》2016,27(5):665-687
This paper examines the interaction between a growth-oriented terrorist organization and an uninformed government based on a two-period signalling game. Combining the signalling game and organizational growth approaches of previous contributions, this paper shows that, if a terrorist group follows a growth strategy, it has an incentive to appear weaker than it is by mimicking the behaviour of a smaller organization. Depending on its beliefs about the extent of the terrorist threat, it can be optimal for a government to spend more on second-period counter-terrorism measures if it is not attacked in the first period than if it were attacked. 相似文献
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运用通用黑板理论和D-S证据理论探索IMSE网络中心节点识别问题。构建了基于通用黑板框架的IMSE网络中心节点识别模型,讨论了该模型体系的体系结构和实现方法,对该模型的工作流程进行了详细论述。给出了一种基于D-S证据理论的高效识别规则。该系统中专家系统直接给出了基本概率赋值,减少了计算繁琐程度,从而可大大减轻目标识别系统的压力。最后通过仿真结果具体分析了模型的工作情况。 相似文献
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缩比模型试验是获取大型运载火箭动特性的一种有效途径,其中一项重要内容是动力学缩比模型设计。本文以某型运载火箭为原型对象,首先根据其结构组成分别推导各部件的相似关系;然后,利用横向刚度和质量相似系数保持一致性,联立形成了运载火箭横向动特性相似关系;同时,考虑实际加工制造条件,分析了横向刚度和质量相似系数的约束;最后,根据上述相似关系和相似系数约束设计了1/5缩比模型,并对该缩比模型的动特性相似进行了有限元数值计算验证。验证结果表明,设计所得1/5缩比模型在动特性方面与原型具有较高的相似性,相关方法能够有效应用于运载火箭的动力学缩比模型设计。 相似文献
619.
基于可信性理论对标准-3拦截弹末段修正能力进行分析。由拦截末段相对运动动力学推导了标准-3拦截弹末段可消除的最大零控脱靶量解析表达式;针对其中的参数不确定性,将不确定参数视为模糊变量运用可信性理论进行建模,采用模糊模拟算法得到标准-3末段可消除的最大零控脱靶量的可能性测度悲观值和乐观值,可信性测度均值和标准差及可能性、必要性和可信性分布函数。本文研究为弹道导弹中段机动突防动力系统设计提供了理论依据,同时为如何根据有限的已知信息获得合理的未知信息提供了有效途径。 相似文献
620.