Study on energy release characteristics of reactive material casings under explosive loading

Reactive Materials (RMs), a new material with structural and energy release characteristics under shock-induced chemical reactions, are promising in extensive applications in national defense and military fields. They can increase the lethality of warheads due to their dual functionality. This paper focuses on the energy release characteristics of RM casings prepared by alloy melting and casting process under explosive loading. Explosion experiments of RM and conventional 2A12 aluminum alloy casings were conducted in free field to capture the explosive fireballs, temperature distribution, peak overpressure of the air shock wave and the fracture morphology of fragments of reactive material (RM) warhead casings by using high-speed camera, infrared thermal imager temperature and peak overpressure testing and scanning electron microscope. Results showed that an increase of both the fireball temperature and air shock wave were observed in all RM casings compared to conventional 2A12 aluminum ally casings. The RM casings can improve the peak overpressure of the air shock wave under explosion loading, though the results are different with different charge ratios. According to the energy release characteristics of the RM, increasing the thickness of RM casings will increase the peak overpressure of the near-field air shock wave, while reducing the thickness will increase the peak overpressure of the far-field air shock wave.     

过程方法在防化科研质量管理系统中的应用

介绍了根据国军标要求建立的科研质量管理系统．运用“过程方法”,对现行科研体制下的科研进程进行了识别,并提出了具体的控制要求。     

“课后记”点滴谈

“课后记”是常规教学中的重要一环,它对探索教学规律,提高教学艺术,积累教学经验,提高教学质量,都有积极的作用。本文就“课后记”的好处、内容及写“课后记”时应注意的问题进行了探讨。     

OPTING OUT OF THE IRON TRIANGLE

Between the 1960s and the 1990s, the US chemical industry went from lobbying against the Geneva Protocol and promoting increased funding for chemical warfare to refusing to produce binary chemical weapons and assisting with the negotiations of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)—even though the treaty included provisions that could be costly to industry. What happened in those thirty years to make the US chemical industry reverse its position on chemical weapons? This article argues these changes were largely caused by the chemical industry's desire to reform the negative public image it had acquired due to its involvement in the Agent Orange scandal and other high-profile incidents during the 1970s and 1980s. The chemical industry's assistance with CWC negotiations may be explained after an examination of the US public policy literature, which argues that industry will support apparently costly regulations if doing so helps it repair a damaged public image and ensures greater profits in the long run.     

Deterrence in the Gulf War

A recently published collection of captured Iraqi records offers an opportunity to better understand Saddam Hussein's perception of US and Israeli deterrence signals, affording innovative insights into the reasons behind Iraq's restraint from using weapons of mass destruction against Israeli targets during the 1991 Gulf War. This article tests a wide range of suggested hypotheses, and suggests that US and Israeli deterrence played only a minimal role in dissuading Iraqi use of WMD. The article concludes with some thoughts on the practical implications, particularly on the effectiveness of a “no-first-use” nuclear policy.     

NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION

As the potential for the involvement of corporations in the manufacture of nuclear weapons has increased, particularly through dual-use technology, global regulation has failed to keep pace. Where regulation of private corporations does exist, in the form of treaties, UN resolutions, or more informal arrangements, the obligations fall only on states. This state of affairs is a result of international law's traditional deference to state sovereignty; yet, it has led to significant shortcomings in the global regulatory regime, where states are unwilling or unable to meet their obligations. While radical departures from the traditional model of international law might remove the regulatory gaps caused by noncompliant states, such changes are unrealistic in the current political climate. More realistic changes must be focused on, offering greater recognition of the role of private corporations in nuclear proliferation and increasing state compliance with existing regulation.     

基于敏感性分析的DF化学动力学模型的简化

基于两种燃料体系下的DF详细化学反应动力学模型,利用敏感性分析的方法,分别提出了相应的简化反应机理.简化过程中发现,仅考虑DF“冷反应”泵浦过程,忽略掉高振动激发态,忽略掉D2和DF分子的离解复合反应对整个系统影响不大.DF分子之间以及DF与D、D2、HF之间的能量转移反应具有较高的敏感性.简化机理在有效概括DF化学反...     

不同热化学模型对表面传热影响的数值分析

研究不同热化学模型及壁面催化条件对表面传热的影响 ,包括 :(1)不同组元的高温空气模型 (7组元、 11组元 )的比较 ;(2 )热力非平衡 (双温度 )的化学动力过程与热力平衡 (单温度 )的化学动力过程的比较 ;(3)不同壁面催化条件的比较。     

利用化学键能评估火箭推进剂的能量特性

本文介绍利用化学键能评估火箭推进剂的能量特性的方法     

化学毒剂及相关化合物的色谱及质谱分析检测研究进展

介绍了当前对毒剂及相关化合物的色谱及质谱分析检测研究进展和发展趋势。仪器设备方面,气相色谱-质谱联用仪仍是主力仪器：但对热不稳定性及难挥发性化合物来说,用液相色谱-质谱来分析则更为合适;发展现场可用的、便携式鉴别技术和设备也是一个发展趋势。分析化合物方面,不能局限于附表化学品,应该积极开展对毒素及毒物与生物体加合物等复杂化合物的分析研究。样品基质方面,应该展开对新型消毒剂样品及生物样品的研究。