最小自由能法计算烟火药剂热值

烟火药剂的热值计算在烟火研究领域有着重要的作用．本文根据最小自由能原理,通过一系列基本假设计算出了体系燃烧爆炸反应后的热值,计算结果与实验衡量数据相吻合,并且程序可通过进一步完善,扩展应用于非理想气体,提高计算精度．     

正确把握和处理防化科研发展和建设中的几个重要问题

结合防化科研工作实际,从四个方面谈了如何在防化科研中贯彻落实科学发展观、提高自主创新能力,推动防化科研又好又快发展的初步想法。     

Generation and storage dispatch in electricity networks with generator disruptions

We present methods for optimizing generation and storage decisions in an electricity network with multiple unreliable generators, each colocated with one energy storage unit (e.g., battery), and multiple loads under power flow constraints. Our model chooses the amount of energy produced by each generator and the amount of energy stored in each battery in every time period in order to minimize power generation and storage costs when each generator faces stochastic Markovian supply disruptions. This problem cannot be optimized easily using stochastic programming and/or dynamic programming approaches. Therefore, in this study, we present several heuristic methods to find an approximate optimal solution for this system. Each heuristic involves decomposing the network into several single‐generator, single‐battery, multiload systems and solving them optimally using dynamic programming, then obtaining a solution for the original problem by recombining. We discuss the computational performance of the proposed heuristics as well as insights gained from the models. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 493–511, 2015     

废旧轮胎在新型柔性拦石墙结构中的应用与数值分析

废旧轮胎作为新型柔性拦石墙结构的重要组成部分,研究其组成材料及抗冲击性能具有重要意义。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,以子午线轮胎175/70R14为基础,建立了废旧轮胎和刚性拦石墙上添加废旧轮胎前后的有限元模型,分别考察了2种情况下刚性拦石墙所受落石冲击力的大小,研究了废旧轮胎各部分材料的耗能特点。数值分析表明:废旧轮胎吸能作用明显,能够有效地减缓落石对刚性拦石墙的冲击,并显著提高新型柔性拦石墙的防护能力。     

高空长航时太阳能飞机研究进展与技术挑战

高空长航时太阳能飞机是当前的前沿热点方向,可实现月量级的长期驻空,并形成“时间持久+区域保持”的新型应用能力。系统总结了高空长航时太阳能飞机三阶段发展历程,包括初期探索阶段、快速发展阶段、实用能力验证与应用示范阶段,重点阐述国外典型发展计划,深入分析气动布局设计、储能电池、高空推进、大尺度结构、飞行控制等面临的主要技术挑战,并提出重点攻关方向建议,为高空长航时太阳能飞机创新发展提供参考。     

定向能武器技术的发展动向

随着激光、新材料、微电子、声光、电光等高技术的发展,利用各种束能产生强大杀伤威力的定向能武器已引起世界高度重视。定向能武器成为战场上高速移动目标的"克星",是能有效制敌的"杀手锏"装备,对未来作战样式和形态具有重要影响。文章系统分析了定向能武器的军事应用前景,详细剖析了世界定向能武器技术的研究进展及发展动向,给出了未来要大力发展的激光武器、高功率微波武器和粒子束武器关键技术,对于加快我军定向能武器装备发展,提升非对称制衡能力,具有十分重要的意义。     

The Relative Efficacy of the Biological and Chemical Weapon Regimes

The biological and chemical weapon nonproliferation and disarmament regimes are often put forward as models of what the nuclear nonproliferation regime could (or should) be. But are these regimes effective? If so, is one stronger and/or more effective than the other? What is it that makes them relatively stronger than the nuclear nonproliferation regime? In this article, we return to and expand upon a framework for assessing regime health and effectiveness. We utilize this framework to engage in a comparative analysis of the chemical weapon (CW) and biological weapon (BW) nonproliferation regimes, respectively. Our analysis reveals that these two regimes are comparatively healthier than their nuclear counterpart. While some of their behavioral features might be troubling—such as the disputes over stockpile destruction of CW—these tend to be mitigated by the presence of a strong norm against possession and proliferation of both CW and BW. This norm is adequately embedded into the existing institutional features of the regimes in ways that do not exist in the nuclear nonproliferation regime.     

能源互联网在军事能源转型中的作用

能源互联网是第三次工业革命的重要支柱,是关系到国家经济和产业发展转型的一种战略型技术。文章首先阐述了军事能源转型面临的挑战和要求,探讨了美国在军事能源转型中的主要做法和启示,从理念和技术两方面分析了能源互联网在推动军事能源转型中将发挥的作用。     

4点弯曲载荷作用下残余应力与弹性模量比对涂层/基体材料界面能量释放率的影响

采用有限元计算方法研究了在4点弯曲载荷作用下,残余应力、涂层与基体的弹性模量比(简称弹性模量比)对涂层/基体材料界面能量释放率及其相角的影响。结果表明:能量释放率随着残余拉应力、弹性模量比的增大而增大;能量释放率中的相角也随着残余拉应力的增大而增大,但并不敏感,其随着弹性模量比的增大而减小。研究结果可为评价涂层/基体材料界面结合性能提供理论依据,有助于深化对涂层/基体材料界面结合性能的认识。     

圆形减压环力学试验与壁厚对其耗能性能的影响

圆形减压环主要由钢管、铝管套筒和钢丝绳组成,由于其耗能特性强,因此在被动防护系统中得到了广泛应用。在边坡防护工程中,将钢丝绳一端固定,另一端连接在防护阻挡结构上,通过钢管与铝管套筒的摩擦和钢管的大变形来散耗冲击动能。首先分析了圆形减压环的工作原理,并对其力学性能进行了拟静力试验,再利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,研究了圆形减压环在荷载作用下,不同钢管壁厚对其耗能性能的影响。结果表明：随着钢管壁厚的增加,圆形减压环的启动荷载也随之增大;在低速荷载作用下,钢管壁厚对圆形减压环的耗能性能影响较弱,但是随着加载速度的提高,钢管壁厚对其耗能性能的影响明显增加,耗能总量上升明显。