固相微萃取技术及其在毒剂分析中的应用

综述了固相微萃取的装置,原理、发展及其在毒剂分析中的应用．     

火箭尾气扰动电离层及其应用研究

大型火箭二次点火时,排放出的尾气中含有大量的化学物质(主要成分是CO2和H2O),可以显著改变电离层密度,进而影响电波的传播,因此具有现实的应用价值.讨论了火箭尾气在电离层高度的扩散过程和相应的离子化学过程,理论计算了火箭尾气排放后电离层电子密度的响应过程.结果表明,火箭所排放的尾气能够使得电离层F区的电子密度显著减少,进而形成"电子空洞".最后在此现象的启发下,简单论述了空间人工释放化学物质扰动电离层技术在军事方面的应用前景.     

All Together Now? Questioning WMDs as a Useful Analytical Unit for Understanding Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation

ABSTRACT

The popular use of the term “weapons of mass destruction” (WMD) can be understood to imply a relationship between nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons proliferation insofar as it assumes that the separate weapons technologies can be usefully grouped into a single analytic category. This article explores whether WMD is actually a useful construct. It begins by reviewing the literature on nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons proliferation, including a recent study that sought to estimate the relationship between the pursuit and acquisition of these different weapons. It then explores some policy inferences that academics and policy makers may be tempted to draw from these studies, particularly regarding the Barack Obama administration's pursuit of deep nuclear reductions. It argues that many of these policy inferences are premature at best and misleading at worst. It concludes with a call for additional research into the causes and consequences of chemical and biological weapons proliferation, and a call for scholars to remain cautious in their desire to draw premature policy implications from their studies in order to be “policy relevant.”     

ALBANIA'S CHEMICAL WEAPONS CON

In 2003, the Albanian government declared that in late 2002 it had discovered a heretofore unknown cache of 16 tons of chemical weapons. Tirana requested and received assistance from the West in securing and destroying the materials, a task completed in 2007. Albania has been lauded for its responsible handling of the discovery and for being the first nation to complete the destruction of its chemical weapons under the terms of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). This article argues that the Albanian government has always knowingly possessed the weapons, keeping them a secret until a post-September 11, 2001 international focus on weapons of mass destruction made it politically worthwhile for Tirana to declare and destroy them. The likelihood that the governments of the West turned a willful blind eye to this chain of events is troubling for the credibility of the CWC and confidence in nonproliferation measures in general. Finally, the author recommends measures to avoid and address similar situations in the future.     

乳化餐饮废水的化学破乳条件优化

为了有效地解决餐饮废水中乳化油分离处理这个技术难题,采用化学破乳法对餐饮废水进行研究,得到不同化学试剂的最佳质量浓度,并通过复配实验总结出最佳复配组合.结果表明:小分子醇类的质量浓度越大,醇类单链越长,则破乳作用越显著,加入正丁醇至总体积分数为4%有较好破乳效果;少量添加有机絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺可以提高除油效果,但用量过高反而会起到反作用,质量浓度为100~200 mg/L较为适宜;金属离子所带的正电荷越高,破乳效果越好,选择质量浓度为200 mg/L的CaCl2较为适宜.根据复配实验可知,同时加入正丁醇至总体积分数为4%和CaCl2质量浓度为150 mg/L,可以取得更好的组合破乳效果.     

一类化学反应动力系统的极限环

本文研究具有饱和输出的Prigogine三分子反应动力学模型,应用微分方程定性理论,完整地解决了系统极限环的存在性和唯一性问题。     

铁酸镍和铁酸锰的制备及磁性对比

用化学共沉淀法在90℃的反应温度制备了NiFe2O4和MnFe2O4铁酸盐多晶微粉,发现经沉淀洗涤后直接得到MnFe2O4纳米微粉,不需热处理过程;而要获得NiFe2O4需要对沉淀洗涤后的前驱体进行热处理。利用振动样品磁强计测量了样品在室温下的磁性能,对两种磁粉的磁性进行了对比。     

泰氟隆烧蚀产物对电子密度的影响

采用WNND格式,对有泰氟隆烧蚀产物引射的化学非平衡NS方程进行了数值模拟。采用7组元纯空气化学反应和19组元、28种反应的空气—泰氟隆化学反应系统,对照计算了壁面有泰氟隆烧蚀产物引射和纯空气绕流两种流场,研究了泰氟隆烧蚀产物对电子密度的影响。     

消防部队化学事故应急救援预案的制定与演习

阐述公安消防部队制定化学事故应急救援预案的程序、方法、步骤及制定预案时应考虑的各种因素;并对化学事故应急预案在不同条件下实施演习的程序、方法及演习过程中应注意的问题提出看法.     

不同背压条件下HF激光器出光实验

为了研究HF化学激光器的背压对激光器输出性能的影响,同时也为即将开展的基区引射式HF化学激光器实验提供参考数据,针对某一特定结构的HF激光器,通过改变激光器背压进行出光实验,得到了不同背压条件下的输出功率和激光光斑。结果显示,该激光器形成有效激射的背压上限为4kPa,同时,扩散混合对腔压的依赖非常严重,相比之下,射流混合在较高的背压条件下仍然能够形成激射。