对生化恐怖袭击抢险救援的思考

消防部队担负着处置生化恐怖袭击事件的抢险救援任务。在分析生化灾害及处置生化灾害的特点的基础上 ,提出提高消防部队处置生化灾害综合能力的措施。     

化学气相沉积碳化硅超光滑抛光机理与表面粗糙度影响因素

为实现化学气相沉积碳化硅(CVD SiC)的超光滑抛光,采用纳米划痕试验研究了化学气相沉积碳化硅脆塑转变的临界载荷,根据单颗磨粒受力对其抛光机理进行了分析,并从材料特性、工艺参数以及抛光液pH值三个方面对其表面粗糙度影响因素进行了系统的试验研究.研究结果表明:化学气相沉积碳化硅的稳定抛光过程是磨粒对碳化硅表面的塑性域划痕过程;CVD SiC的晶粒不均匀与表面高点会降低晟终所能达到的表面质量;表面粗糙度在一定范围内随磨粒粒度增加呈近似线性增长,随抛光模硬度的增加而增长;抛光压强对表面粗糙度的影响规律与抛光模的变形行为相关,当抛光模处于弹性或弹塑性变形阶段时,表面粗糙度随抛光压强的增加呈小幅增长,而当抛光模包含塑性变形之后,表面粗糙度基本与抛光压强无关;此外,抛光速度和抛光液pH值对表面粗糙度的影响不大.研究结论为CVD SiC超光滑抛光的工艺参数优化选择提供了定量的试验依据.     

基于主成分分析法的危险化学品事故统计分析方法研究

通过对2002~2007年危险化学品事故数据进行统计分析,运用主成分分析法（Princ ipal Component Analysis,PCA）计算得到危险化学品事故发生的第一主成分,进一步分析得出危险化学品事故主要发生在使用环节和生产环节。利用主成分分析法得出的结论,针对危险化学品在使用、生产环节采取得当的预防措施,可以为有效减少危险化学品事故的发生提供科学决策依据。     

化工火灾引发环境污染的分析及预防——由吉林石化分公司爆炸火灾引发的思考

介绍了中石油吉林石化分公司双苯厂“11·13”爆炸事故和松花江水污染事件的基本情况。分析了这起典型污染事件的成因,提出预防火灾爆炸事故造成环境污染的对策。     

All Together Now? Questioning WMDs as a Useful Analytical Unit for Understanding Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation

ABSTRACT

The popular use of the term “weapons of mass destruction” (WMD) can be understood to imply a relationship between nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons proliferation insofar as it assumes that the separate weapons technologies can be usefully grouped into a single analytic category. This article explores whether WMD is actually a useful construct. It begins by reviewing the literature on nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons proliferation, including a recent study that sought to estimate the relationship between the pursuit and acquisition of these different weapons. It then explores some policy inferences that academics and policy makers may be tempted to draw from these studies, particularly regarding the Barack Obama administration's pursuit of deep nuclear reductions. It argues that many of these policy inferences are premature at best and misleading at worst. It concludes with a call for additional research into the causes and consequences of chemical and biological weapons proliferation, and a call for scholars to remain cautious in their desire to draw premature policy implications from their studies in order to be “policy relevant.”     

ALBANIA'S CHEMICAL WEAPONS CON

In 2003, the Albanian government declared that in late 2002 it had discovered a heretofore unknown cache of 16 tons of chemical weapons. Tirana requested and received assistance from the West in securing and destroying the materials, a task completed in 2007. Albania has been lauded for its responsible handling of the discovery and for being the first nation to complete the destruction of its chemical weapons under the terms of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). This article argues that the Albanian government has always knowingly possessed the weapons, keeping them a secret until a post-September 11, 2001 international focus on weapons of mass destruction made it politically worthwhile for Tirana to declare and destroy them. The likelihood that the governments of the West turned a willful blind eye to this chain of events is troubling for the credibility of the CWC and confidence in nonproliferation measures in general. Finally, the author recommends measures to avoid and address similar situations in the future.     

乳化餐饮废水的化学破乳条件优化

为了有效地解决餐饮废水中乳化油分离处理这个技术难题,采用化学破乳法对餐饮废水进行研究,得到不同化学试剂的最佳质量浓度,并通过复配实验总结出最佳复配组合.结果表明:小分子醇类的质量浓度越大,醇类单链越长,则破乳作用越显著,加入正丁醇至总体积分数为4%有较好破乳效果;少量添加有机絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺可以提高除油效果,但用量过高反而会起到反作用,质量浓度为100~200 mg/L较为适宜;金属离子所带的正电荷越高,破乳效果越好,选择质量浓度为200 mg/L的CaCl2较为适宜.根据复配实验可知,同时加入正丁醇至总体积分数为4%和CaCl2质量浓度为150 mg/L,可以取得更好的组合破乳效果.     

碳-酚醛材料烧蚀热解对再入流场特性影响的数值计算

数值模拟存在碳-酚醛材料烧蚀的高超声速再入流场,分析烧蚀和热解对流场热化学参数、电子数密度分布等的影响。采用19组元双温度的热化学模型,耦合热化学非平衡流Navier-Stokes方程组和烧蚀壁面边界条件,进行定常烧蚀流场求解;通过对比无烧蚀、非催化和辐射平衡壁温条件下的流场分析烧蚀的影响;讨论了壁面处碳-酚醛材料热解产物化学组成的确定方法,研究了不同热解率的影响。以RAM-C球锥的两个典型飞行条件(速度7.65km/s、高度61km和71km)为代表的研究表明:最主要的烧蚀热解产物是CO、H2、H,烧蚀产物和烧蚀的影响均局限于边界层内;烧蚀使原子和离子组元含量下降,当离子组元含量峰值出现在边界层内时,烧蚀使电子数密度峰值下降;随热解率增加烧蚀影响程度增强,烧蚀在后身区影响范围大于头部区,随飞行高度增加烧蚀影响范围扩大。     

火箭尾气扰动电离层及其应用研究

大型火箭二次点火时,排放出的尾气中含有大量的化学物质(主要成分是CO2和H2O),可以显著改变电离层密度,进而影响电波的传播,因此具有现实的应用价值.讨论了火箭尾气在电离层高度的扩散过程和相应的离子化学过程,理论计算了火箭尾气排放后电离层电子密度的响应过程.结果表明,火箭所排放的尾气能够使得电离层F区的电子密度显著减少,进而形成"电子空洞".最后在此现象的启发下,简单论述了空间人工释放化学物质扰动电离层技术在军事方面的应用前景.     

泰氟隆烧蚀产物对电子密度的影响

采用WNND格式,对有泰氟隆烧蚀产物引射的化学非平衡NS方程进行了数值模拟。采用7组元纯空气化学反应和19组元、28种反应的空气—泰氟隆化学反应系统,对照计算了壁面有泰氟隆烧蚀产物引射和纯空气绕流两种流场,研究了泰氟隆烧蚀产物对电子密度的影响。