The political economy of drones

This paper provides a political economy analysis of the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or ‘drones’ in the USA. Focus is placed on the interplay between the polity and private economic influences, and their impact on the trajectory of political, economic, and military outcomes. We identify the initial formation of the drone industry, trace how the initial relationships between the military and the private sector expanded over time, and discuss present relationships. Understanding the historical evolution of UAV technology, as well as the major players in the industry today, is important for ongoing policy debates regarding the use of drones both domestically and internationally.     

Individual preferences and the demand for military expenditure*

Whose preferences determine the tradeoff between security and civilian output in deciding upon budget allocations to defence? This paper considers the role that consumer preferences might play in influencing military spending. We propose normative criteria to judge the economic or political efficiency of defence provision at a given time, and test them using Australian survey‐based micro‐data. Our results suggest that the political system has not delivered a simple social‐choice translation of individual preferences into collective outcomes, nor has it delivered results consistent with simple majority‐voting median preferences.     

THE SUPPLY PRICE OF COMMITMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE AIR FORCE ENLISTMENT BONUS PROGRAM

In fiscal year 1999, the US Air Force introduced a bonus program designed to encourage longer enlistment terms. This regime shift provides a unique opportunity to estimate the elasticity of labor supply at a new margin: the length of the employment contract. A $5000 bonus differential is estimated to increase the probability that a recruit will choose a 6‐year enlistment over a 4‐year enlistment by 30 percentage points. The program is found to be cost‐effective relative to other policies to increase man‐years.     

企业会计政策选择的起因及其定位思考

目前 ,在以会计准则为企业会计政策规范主体的模式下 ,企业对会计政策有较大的选择空间 ,不同的会计政策选择 ,产生企业不同结果的会计信息 ,对企业利害关系集团产生不同的利益分配结果和社会资源配置效率。本文通过分析企业会计政策选择的起因 ,探讨了会计政策选择的正确定位 ,对于企业正确选择会计政策、维护资本市场的健康运行具有一定的借鉴意义     

一类不确定语言型机降场选择模型

机降场选择是超视距垂直登陆作战的关键工作之一。针对机降场选择的决策特点,定义了不确定语言集结算子,建立了基于不确定语言型多属性群决策方法的机降场选择评估模型。该模型直观、简单,降低了对指挥员的专业素质要求,有效弥补了指挥员的主观判断误差,提高了评估决策可靠性,具有较高的应用价值。     

飞行器末制导雷达静态选择性试验及仿真分析

依据飞行器自控终点误差原理对特定的目标选择捕捉的影响进行了分析;建立了末制导雷达选择捕捉目标的静态试验布站方法;给出了末制导雷达检测目标回波粘连的处理和末制导雷达对选择录取目标数据的基准方向转换的方法;对火分基准方向对目标选择的影响进行仿真分析并得出相关结论,研究的成果对于飞行器选择攻击目标能力试验及评估的研究具有重要意义。     

基于剩余穿深理论选择瞄准点研究

在现有坦克炮对装甲目标射击瞄准点选择方法的基础上,引入并介绍了剩余穿深理论的相关知识,分析了剩余穿深理论对毁伤目标的影响以及不同剩余穿深条件下,各弹种瞄准点选择在装甲目标不同部位的毁伤效果,提出了基于剩余穿深理论选择坦克炮对装甲目标射击时选择瞄准点的方法,为装甲部队的射击训练提供了科学合理的理论指导.     

推进颠覆性技术发展是大国博弈的战略选择

世界新一轮科技革命为颠覆性技术涌现创造了新的机遇,推进颠覆性技术发展已成为大国博弈的战略选择。文章简要分析了主要国家发展颠覆性技术的做法,从历史视角回顾了颠覆性技术发展对人类战争形态演变的历程,系统阐述新一轮科技革命为颠覆性技术发展创造的新机遇及其发展对未来战争形态的影响,提出加快推进我国颠覆性技术发展的几点建议。     

Group support for political violence: The role of emotions and expressive choice in creating conflict or providing peace

This paper provides a rationale for group support for political violence which does not provide a material benefit. Rabin’s (1993) theory of fairness is adopted to demonstrate that although group violence may not be a Nash equilibrium it may be a fairness equilibrium in a game containing psychological payoffs. For this to happen the material stakes must be perceived as low and psychological payoffs are expressive. Although the material stakes are actually high, members of each group may choose expressively to support the use of violence because the probability of being decisive is low. The paper also considers the possibility of peace emerging as a fairness equilibrium. This can only happen if each group perceives the other as making some sacrifice in choosing peace.     

不确定法律概念生成原因析微

不确定的法律概念是法律中无法避免的客观事实,其生成不仅是由于语言本身的模糊性、多义性和不可定义性,也是语言本身的高度抽象性所致,更因为是立法者对于所要规范的事项无法完全预见,为了涵盖更广的规范对象,为了适应社会的变迁,而特意使用的相对模糊的概念形式。