‘Innovate or die’: Organizational culture and the origins of maneuver warfare in the United States Marine Corps

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, this article contributes to the understanding of the origins of maneuver warfare as the capstone doctrine of the Marine Corps. It does so by identifying a second source that fostered change in the Marine Corps – one in addition to disquiet about the conduct of the war in Vietnam – which stemmed from the challenges posed by the United States' post-Vietnam strategic and military reorientation. And second, this article examines the influence of organizational culture, or identity, on innovation in the Marine Corps. A critical strand in the growing literature on military innovation focuses on organizational culture and how it influences the behavior and responses of particular military organizations. This article contributes to this literature by analyzing the influence of the organizational culture of the Marine Corps in shaping what was deemed an appropriate response to the challenges it confronted in the 1970s.     

基于社会主义核心价值体系建设的文化哲学思考

每一种文化都有其独特的价值体系,文化的各个层面都受到价值体系的内在制约,价值体系在文化中处于核心地位.当前我们以社会主义核心价值体系引领思想文化建设,体现了我们党在全面推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业进程中高度的文化自觉.社会主义核心价值体系建设增强了民族认同,提升了文化软实力,凸显了文化传承与创新,促进了文化整合.     

一种云计算中的身份认证协议

针对当前在云计算中身份认证机制个人信息容易泄漏的问题,提出了一种云计算中的身份认证协议。协议的安全性是基于离散对数的难解问题。协议模型由用户、云服务提供者和注册实体等三个实体组成;通过先属性注册协议、后身份认证协议两个步骤完成整个认证过程;从用户伪装身份和云服务提供者盗取身份信息两个角度,对协议的安全性进行了分析;通过与云计算中基于公钥生成器的协议进行对比以及实验仿真,证明了该协议在对承诺的注册和认证时间上的优越性。     

基于多信息源的潜艇目标融合识别系统研究

介绍了目标属性融合中的三种融合结构,并对潜艇获得目标属性信息的多信息源进行分析总结,提出了在潜艇目标融合识别系统中,采用决策级融合结构进行目标融合识别的方法,并对潜艇决策级融合识别过程进行了简要的分析说明.     

两级融合系统中目标身份与行为识别技术

建立两级融合系统,联接一级、二级融合系统中的识别功能.提出基于模糊集理论的特征层目标识别技术,基于D-S理论、Bayes理论的时空域决策层目标识别技术、基于贝叶斯网络推理的行为识别技术.解决应用中普遍存在的目标特征界限模糊、身份冲突、身份不稳定、缺少行为识别信息等问题,实现对目标身份和行为的综合识别,以达到对目标的全面...     

冲突与整合：对新疆双语教育与中华民族文化认同的几点思考

语言是交流的工具,也是文化的载体。在＂中华民族多元一体＂视域下,各民族文化具有平等性,不同民族文化也各有其优秀成分。民族间文化沟通才是民族间深层沟通,对于民族间文化冲突的防患、民族文化整合及民族关系维系意义重大。新疆少数民族双语教育只有实现各民族文化中优秀成分的集聚,从而提升到中华民族文化认同高度才能减少民族文化冲突,促进民族文化整合,进而推动双语教育的发展。本文探讨了新疆双语教育中的民族文化冲突与整合,同时提出了民族文化整合观下新疆双语教育实施的阶段性文化目标以及双语教育实施的一些建设性思考。     

‘Ser Eleno’: Insurgent identity formation in the ELN

In conflict studies, identity has been posited as an explanatory factor of the resilience of insurgencies. This article focuses on the identity formation of the National Liberation Army (ELN), a leftist insurgency group in Colombia. As a Marxist–Leninist organisation, the ELN aims to overcome capitalism. In their perception, this is possible via the transformation of the individual into a ‘collective personality’. Along the dimensions of ‘content’ and ‘contestation’, we will demonstrate the mechanisms they impose for such identity formation. Identity, as we will argue, is a main factor in explaining why people participate in this insurgency and thereby enhance its resilience.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

ACCRUAL BUDGETING AND DEFENCE FUNDING: THEORY AND SIMULATIONS

This paper explores the impact of moving to accrual budgeting on resources allocation in defence. Standard defence budgeting and investment models are used to assess the theoretical implications of accrual budgeting. In addition, a number of simulations are conducted to assess the long-term implications of moving to accrual accounting and budgeting. The result of the simulations shows that changes to deployed operations and other operational shocks will have manageable impacts on readiness but systematic shocks associated with defence unit prices, procurement policies and defence specific inflation will put considerable strain on the defence department's flexibility.     

Chemical weapons and the Iran‐Iraq war: A case study in noncompliance

Policy makers and scholars have drawn improper lessons from the Ukrainian case of disarmament. Employing a content analysis of Ukrainian and Russian news sources, as well as a series of interviews with Ukrainian officials conducted by the author, this paper argues that Ukraine did not surrender its nuclear arsenal because it received compensation or faced financial and technical hurdles in securing effective command and control over the weapons. Instead, Ukraine surrendered its nuclear weapons due to a lack of demand for them. The historical interactions between Ukrainians and Russians led the majority of Ukrainian leaders to reject a conception of the Ukrainian national identity that cognitively perceived Russia as a security threat. Only with a proper understanding of this case study can the international community understand how the nonproliferation norm succeeded.