Exporting professionalism: US efforts to reform the armed forces in the Dominican Republic and Nicaragua, 1916–1933

Why did the United States, a country notorious for supporting coups and military dictatorships in Latin America during the Cold War, seek to depoliticize security forces in the Caribbean basin during the early twentieth century? Drawing from primary sources, I argue that this emphasis on military non-partisanship abroad stemmed from Progressive Era reforms popular at home. These reforms, which stressed bureaucratic efficiency via nonpartisan expertise, had become institutionalized within the US military and State Department and then channelled into the imperial administration of Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic. The State Department and Marine Corps attempted to replace local partisan armies with the kind of professional, nonpartisan armed forces that the US's own military had come to exemplify. That these civil-military reform efforts ultimately backfired should serve as a reminder of the difficulties inherent in using military interventions to transform coercive apparatuses and their societies.     

积极贯彻军民融合式发展战略 推进海军装备体系建设科学发展

推进海军装备体系建设领域内军民融合式发展是新形势下加快海军战斗力生成模式转变的重大举措,事关海军长远发展。文章从推进海军武器装备军民融合式发展的重要性入手,分析了当前海军武器装备体系建设领域军民融合工作面临的形势,提出了研建信息交流平台、优化计划编制、更新采办策略、改进合同管理、完善监管手段等对策建议。     

基于物联网技术的应急物流军民协同保障系统

结合物联网技术的应用和发展情况,分析了构建基于物联网技术的应急物流军民协同保障系统的意义;设计了基于物联网技术的应急物流军民保障系统框架,由事件感知、信息传输、数据提取、技术支撑、应用服务、协同保障和用户决策7个环节组成,并对基于物联网技术的应急物流军民保障系统的功能结构进行了分析;建立了基于物联网技术的应急物流军民保障系统的流程,分为事件感知、事件响应和事件收尾3个阶段并进行了分析。该系统对于实现应急物流军民协同快速保障具有一定的参考价值。     

基于群决策协同网络信息的掩护机编队选择

针对任务机群中掩护机编队的选择,用群决策协同网络信息模型进行了掩护机编队的选择。首先,给出了协同网络、模糊数和语言变量的相关概念;其次,分析了掩护机编队选择的指标体系框架和协同网络信息框架;然后,构建了群决策协同网络信息的数学模型,在此基础上,给出了方案选择的步骤;最后,运用该模型对掩护机编队的选择进行求解。结果表明：该模型能够综合群体专家的知识,解决掩护机编队选择中的定性判断问题。该模型可用于个体指标和协同指标均为定性指标时的方案优选问题。     

强化军地应急指挥机制建设

在军地联合处置突发事件行动中存在着建设重复,救援资源分散;协调困难,方案建设不对接;条块分割,指挥关系不顺畅以及反应迟缓,救援效率不高的情况。为适应军队新的编制体制调整,破解矛盾,文章研究了军队应基于军民融合战略着力强化一体化的军地应急指挥联动机制,强化常态化的军地应急指挥协调机制,强化规范化的军地应急指挥制度和科学化的军地应急指挥程序建设,以提高军队应急管理能力。     

新课程实施中家长如何有效协同学校教育

家庭教育是学校教育的延伸和拓展,是学生素质教育体系中不可或缺的重要部分,家长是否有效地协同学校对孩子进行教育,直接决定着学校教育的效果。本文旨在探讨在新课程实施背景下,家长如何有效地协同学校教育。     

Brothers in arms,yet again? Twenty-first century Sino-Russian strategic collaboration in the realm of defence and security

2014–2015 were years of turmoil for strategic relations, with Sino-Russian relations emerging as a particularly interesting set of ties to observe. This article asks whether recurrent Sino-Russian exhortations of friendship are mirrored by their strategic alignment in the defence and security realm, half a century after the end of the Sino-Soviet pact during the communist era. We examine the arms trade between the two countries and with regional partners, but also the recent pattern of bilateral and multilateral military exercises, as a combined test of the security and defence relationship. We are able to show that the image of friendship that both Moscow and Beijing like to promote, while apparent at the UN Security Council and within the BRICS group, remains constrained by rivalry in high-tech segments of the arms industry and by lingering concerns about the prospects of peer interference in their shared regional vicinity.     

基于n-宗派的C2组织协作性量化分析

C2组织的协作性是目前信息化战争研究中的一个热点。利用"社会网络分析方法",对C2组织的指挥控制关系网络模型进行"n-宗派"分析,可以有效地揭示组织的子结构特征以及定量地研究组织的协作性。分析了指挥控制关系网络模型n-宗派中"n"的现实意义,设计了"宗派协作指数"和"组织协作指数"的计算方法和公式。结合示例,以2-宗派为例说明了C2组织协作性量化分析的步骤和过程。研究表明,基于n-宗派的C2组织协作性量化分析具有可操作性和现实意义。     

Collaborative procurement among competing buyers

Collaborative procurement emerged as one of the many initiatives for achieving improved inter‐firm coordination and collaboration. In this article, we adopt a game‐theoretical approach to study the interaction between two firms who procure jointly, but produce independently and remain competitors in a product market characterized by price‐sensitive demand. We study the underlying economics behind collaborative procurement, examine the effects of collaboration on buyer and supplier profitability, and derive conditions under which collaboration is beneficial to each participant. We find that a necessary and sufficient condition for a buyer to collaborate is to increase its sales. We identify the conditions that lead equal size buyers (i.e., consortia consisting of only large buyers or only small buyers) versus different size buyers to collaborate. We also determine the conditions that make collaboration profitable for the supplier, and show that rather than selling a large quantity to a single buyer, the supplier prefers to sell to multiple buyers in smaller quantities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

From the sociology of the (military) profession to the sociology of (security) expertise: the case of European national defence universities

Few would disagree that European militaries have experienced dramatic changes since the end of the Cold War. Much of the discussion on these changes to date has referred to the concept of professionalism. However, this approach became outdated as professions in post-industrialist societies entered a state of crisis as a result of growing competition from a variety of competitors. The present study adapts a new framework from the sociology of knowledge literature – sociology of expertise – into one, sociology of security expertise, which is suitable for study of contemporary armed forces. Its utility is demonstrated through analysis of five European professional military education institutions. The analysis shows that European military organisations are transiting, albeit in various degrees, from one form of social organisation of military knowledge production – associated with the military education model common to traditional military colleges – toward another, which is related to the military education model of national defence universities. Hence it is highly probable that European military organisations lose, either voluntary or unintentionally, their professional character and can no longer be unquestionably assumed to be military professions. Hence, they should be analysed hereafter using the sociology of security expertise framework.