高寒地区自动喷水灭火系统设计

通过对湿式喷水灭火系统、干式喷水灭火系统和预作用喷水灭火系统在系统组成、工作原理和适用范围等方面的比较,又根据高寒地区的气候条件,得出高寒地区应采用干式系统或预作用系统,并介绍干式系统和预作用系统在设计中应注意的一些问题。     

Can Governments Negotiate With Insurgents? The Latin American Experience

In June 2016, the Colombian Government and the FARC insurgent movement signed a ceasefire agreement, which brings the two sides one step closer to putting an end to over five decades of war. Unfortunately, Latin America has a rich history of insurgent movements, particularly during the cold war era, some of which continue to operate today. Most of these movements disappeared due to military operations, though some did so via peace negotiations. This essay aims to discuss the various ends of Latin American insurgencies to answer whether, indeed, insurgents can be negotiated with.     

一种软启动／软关断电子开关设计

介绍了一种具有软启动／软关断功能的电子开关模块,该电子开关以功率器件BTS555为核心,辅以软启动／软关断电路,可以实现电机类感性负载的软启动／软关断功能,有利于抑制电动机的启动电流,减小供电电网的电压波动,改善供电质量。同时,设计的采样电路可以精确测量电压、电流信号,有利于电网的智能化控制和故障自诊断。     

低温流量控制系统试验研究

低温可调汽蚀文氏管是低温流量控制系统的关键部件,本文选用步进电机控制调节针锥的位移。通过大量冷态试验,在大范围变化工况、变化喉部面积及变化背压条件下,利用水对低温流量控制系统进行研究,得到了流量系数、压力恢复系数的变化规律。利用液氧标定,对冷态试验结果进行修正。并将低温流量控制系统用于三组元模型发动机热态试验中,成功实现了流量调节和工况转换。     

三组元喷嘴混合特性的试验研究

本文对四种类型的气氢／液氧／煤油三组元喷嘴进行了混合特性试验, 研究了内喷嘴的缩进长度对同轴离心外混式喷嘴混合特性的影响, 对比了相同的三组元工况下各喷嘴的混合特性, 分析了喷嘴结构对混合特性的影响, 进行了单喷嘴和三喷嘴的混合特性试验, 试验结果表明： 在相同的三组元工况下, 同轴直流式喷嘴的流强分布跨度比同轴离心式喷嘴小。所得结论对三组元喷嘴和气液同轴式喷嘴的优化设计有参考价值。     

Organizing for the ‘gray zone’ fight: early Cold War realities and the CIA’s Directorate of Operations

ABSTRACT

Despite its portrayal as something new, the concept of the ‘gray zone’ is not novel. It was the Cold War battleground in which the USA and the Soviet Union waged rival unconventional campaigns, and it was there that the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was given responsibility for operating. This was not the organization’s original purpose, but Cold War exigencies forced Washington to improvise and build an organization with unique capabilities. These early years shaped the CIA’s operations directorate, creating two distinct cultures within the larger agency, one focused on intelligence collection and the other focused on covert action.