推进国防动员军民融合深度发展的对策思考

军民融合式发展是实现富国与强军相统一的必由之路,也是增强国防动员潜力、提高国防动员能力的有效途径。在新的形势下推进国防动员建设,必须进一步强化军民融合观念,完善军民融合机制,提高军民融合层次,增强军民融合实效,努力促进动员潜力随经济实力同步增长、动员能力随需求拓展不断提升,实现经济效益、社会效益与国防效益有机统一。     

战术导弹制导控制系统一体化设计仿真平台

对战术导弹的制导控制系统的设计阶段和特点进行了分析研究,对设计流程及所用到的方法进行了研究,在研究的基础上提出了制导控制系统一体化设计仿真分析平台的思路,该平台可用于常规导弹制导控制系统的一体化设计,包括导弹的控制系统设计分析、制导律设计、制导控制系统的数学建模与仿真、半实物仿真分析以及系统性能评估等,具有可扩展性,为战术导弹制导控制系统研究提供模块化手段,加速战术导弹的研制进度。     

基于扩展多模型自适应估计的运载火箭伺服机构故障检测与诊断

针对运载火箭伺服机构故障,提出了一种基于扩展多模型自适应估计的故障检测与诊断算法。首先建立了考虑伺服机构故障的运载火箭姿态动力学模型,其次将故障角度作为状态变量得到增广状态空间模型,然后利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行状态向量和故障参数的非线性估计,并基于传感器测量数据采用假设检验算法在线计算故障发生的概率,最后给出了基于扩展多模型自适应估计的故障检测与诊断算法流程。该方法的优点是只用一个扩展卡尔曼滤波器就可完成一个伺服机构的故障检测与诊断,从而大幅减小用于伺服机构故障检测与诊断的滤波器数量。仿真结果表明,该方法在无故障时可对伺服机构进行健康监测,在单台伺服机构故障下,可以及时准确判断出哪一台芯级伺服机构发生故障,并可准确估计出伺服机构故障下的发动机摆角角度。     

基于T-S模型的非线性系统主从控制器设计

针对同时具有输出和输入非线性的系统,通过中间虚拟控制量的设置,转化为两个非线性子系统的串联,从而简化系统结构并解决最终控制量不宜直接获取的问题。针对无人水面艇的航迹和横摇控制,设计了基于反演控制的从控制器,实现了输入非线性中虚拟控制量到舵角的映射,通过T-S模型将输出非线性系统,转化为线性时变系统,并考虑舵机的角度与角速度约束,设计了广义预测主控制器。该方法不仅简化了系统结构,同时仿真结果表明,所设计的主从控制器可以获得较好的控制效果。     

基于战例数据的制胜要素选择方法

针对战争制胜机理定量研究需求,提出了一种基于混合评估的制胜要素选择算法。针对战例数据特点,该算法选择两种过滤方法分别从不同方面对要素全集进行评估排序而后加权得到综合排序结果;将结果作为遗传算法的初始种群,而后以分类精度作为个体适应度函数。选择几种典型的分类器综合比较,筛选出规模较小、性能较好的要素子集。测试结果表明,该算法不仅能有效地减少要素子集规模,还可以进一步提高制胜机理分析模型的准确率和效率。     

综合射频系统在新型装甲平台中的应用

为了应对未来信息化战争对坦克装甲平台电子射频系统提出的更高要求,提出将综合射频系统应用在新型装甲平台上。该系统采用综合孔径方式设计,可完成对空目标搜索、精确跟踪、威胁判断、电子对抗、火力指引、毁伤评估等功能,在装甲平台防护中具有至关重要的作用。首先,介绍了装甲平台的多功能综合射频系统;其次,详细分析了该系统的组成、功能和特点,简要描述了作战中的应用模式;最后,针对综合射频系统在新型坦克装甲平台的进一步应用提出了发展建议。     

一种改进的红外图像降噪算法与FPGA实现

由于实时目标的红外图像具有信噪比低、边界模糊等问题,在研究红外图像噪声特点的基础上,提出了一种基于动静态检测算法的红外图像降噪算法。通过一种动静态检测算法将图像分成动态图像和静态图像,用改进的自适应维纳滤波算法处理动态图像,用改进的NL-means降噪算法处理静态图像,并用FPGA实现红外图像降噪系统设计。实验表明,红外图像经算法处理后,其PSNR和细节方差-背景方差比(DV/BV)均高于经典降噪算法,算法能有效减少图像噪声,并能很好地保持图像的边界细节信息。     

Notes on contributors

In 1897 and 1898, Winston Churchill participated in what late Victorian Britain termed ‘small wars’, first on India's northwest frontier and then in the vast wasteland of the Sudan. Churchill chronicled his experiences in these conflicts in personal letters, dispatches to newspapers, and in his first two books, The Story of the Malakand Field Force and The River War. These writings provide a snapshot of a particular period in the formative years of the great statesman, demonstrating through Churchill's eloquent analyses many of the contradictions concerning the conduct of small wars that have emerged in the present era.     

AFRICA'S TRIPLE TRANSITION

Sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed the end of foreign colonial rule, the rise and fall of autocratic political regimes, and the disappearance of statist command economies. The challenges were to turn populations into coherent nations owing allegiance to the state; to democratise the state structures that govern these populations; and to liberalise the rules that regulate economic transactions. An important source to assess these prospects are the views and attitudes of ordinary Africans. This essay reflects on the original data derived from a crossnational research project. Nine African states were surveyed between 1999 and 2000. An attempt is made to gather some propositions from the analysis of the data. Many present serious challenges to common wisdom about African politics. It appears that the process of nationbuilding has created coherent political communities with high levels of national identity; that democratising the state in Africa builds on existing indigenous demands from ordinary Africans; and that economic liberalisation proceeds in the face of a mixed set of values about market and state.     

How should modeling and simulation be used to support defense acquisition?

This paper investigates the potential for modeling and simulation to contribute to new defense system development, by increasing the productivity of traditional R&D in developing system‐specific technology. Building on a previous optimal control model of defense system R&D, it shows that (1) the optimal use of modeling is related in a natural way to that of traditional R&D, and (2) both have similar optimal profiles over time. Simulated results based on limited historical data suggest that optimal use of modeling could increase the rate of growth in system‐specific technology significantly.