战斗机综合作战效能评估建模方法

详细分析战斗机综合作战效能评估中通常采用的对数法模型,指出模型中存在的问题;然后结合模型构成分析,提出了一种新的建模思想,建立了战斗机综合作战效能评估解析计算模型;同时对综合效能模型中各分项能力的评估模型进行修改完善。最后以6种机型方案的综合作战效能评估为例计算并检验了模型的可用性。     

基于作战仿真的装甲车辆作战效能评估方法

在研制开发装甲车辆的过程中需要预先知道设计的装备是否满足未来战场需要,主要是它的作战效能是否能满足要求。为了获得研制中装备的作战效能,较好的办法是建立作战模型进行仿真。在仿真结果的基础上,通过选取作战效能评估的主要评价指标,建立装甲车辆作战效能的一个综合评估模型,得到了作战效能。     

Predicting intensive care unit bed occupancy for integrated operating room scheduling via neural networks

In a master surgery scheduling (MSS) problem, a hospital's operating room (OR) capacity is assigned to different medical specialties. This task is critical since the risk of assigning too much or too little OR time to a specialty is associated with overtime or deficit hours of the staff, deferral or delay of surgeries, and unsatisfied—or even endangered—patients. Most MSS approaches in the literature focus only on the OR while neglecting the impact on downstream units or reflect a simplified version of the real‐world situation. We present the first prediction model for the integrated OR scheduling problem based on machine learning. Our three‐step approach focuses on the intensive care unit (ICU) and reflects elective and urgent patients, inpatients and outpatients, and all possible paths through the hospital. We provide an empirical evaluation of our method with surgery data for Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, a German tertiary care hospital with 1700 beds. We show that our model outperforms a state‐of‐the‐art model by 43% in number of predicted beds. Our model can be used as supporting tool for hospital managers or incorporated in an optimization model. Eventually, we provide guidance to support hospital managers in scheduling surgeries more efficiently.     

近期美国陆军旅战斗队建设发展

美军认为,近年来中俄等大国的军事实力不断增强,成为美国的主要安全威胁,长期的反叛乱作战也使美国陆军应对正规战争的能力有所下降,必须推进面向大国竞争的转型建设以适应未来的作战环境。随着美国陆军转型建设的大幕拉开,提升大规模作战能力成为其建设发展的焦点。本文认为,旅战斗队作为美国陆军的主要合成兵种部队与实施近距离地面作战的主要梯队之一,其建设发展必将服务于美国陆军的战略目标。据此,美国陆军旅战斗队围绕“跨域、集中、持续、聚合”四个指导原则,重点采取各种举措提升其指挥机构生存力、火力集中打击力、空中威胁防护力、战术网络杀伤力四项基本能力。总结分析美国陆军旅战斗队发展建设的举措,对军队未来作战能力建设具有一定的启示作用。     

空降作战中空降兵电子对抗力量运用浅析

在科技引领的现代战争中,空降作战面临着高精度、杀伤力大的制导武器的威胁。电子对抗力量作为电子战中的武装力量,为空降兵提供了重要的安全保障。本文研究了空降作战在复杂的电磁环境中面临的电子武器威胁,分析了空降兵电子对抗力量在空降作战中的地位作用,结合空降作战的特点探索空降兵电子对抗力量的运用模式,如通过电子侦察、电子佯动、压制干扰、综合防护等手段为空降作战快速占据进攻优势奠定良好的电磁环境基础。此外,为完善空降兵电子对抗力量的作战结构,本研究提出空降作战中电子对抗作战运用的要求,以充分发挥电子对抗在空降作战中的能力,确保空降作战中制电磁权的优势,提高空降作战的制胜效能。     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

多UCAV协同作战自主任务规划系统

在分析未来多UCAV协同作战任务的基础上,构建了一个多UCAV协同作战的自主任务规划系统结构,探讨了其运行机制。提出这个系统的核心是自主规划器,它应该具有任务分解、智能信息处理和机载任务规划与重规划能力。设计了自主规划器的初步方案。指出了这个系统下一步研究的任务和方向。     

基于AHP的灰色评估模型及其应用

以灰色系统理论为基础,将层次分析法与灰色评估法相结合,建立了基于AHP的灰色评估模型,论述了利用该模型进行评估的基本步骤,并对数字化部队作战效能评估进行了研究,给出了评估数字化部队作战效能的具体过程。实例表明,这种评估方法科学合理,可以减少主观因素的影响,提高评估结论的准确性,为数字化部队作战效能评估提供了一种新方法。     

部队作战效能综合评估法

高技术条件下局部战争的显著特点是参战单位多、对抗关系复杂、战争不确定因素增加,如何在此情况下客观评估部队的作战效能是作战研究领域一个重点和难点。通过综合运用定性分析法、网络分析法、战斗效能指数法、作战模拟及系统动力学等多种方法和理论,建立了一种可对部队作战效能进行评估的综合评估法。并以高技术条件下岛上进攻作战中装甲团的作战效能评估为例,详细介绍了该方法的实施过程,认为该综合评估法是行之有效的。     

基于局域网的分布式战斗机空战仿真系统

简要介绍了一种实时分布交互式战斗机空战仿真系统的开发。整个系统按照分层模块思想设计,对空战中战斗机关键子系统和关键行为进行了精确的数学建模,减少了建模的复杂度、保持了平台的开放性和可维护性,据此实现了局域网环境下的分布交互式空战仿真研究。初步的仿真结果表明系统具有实时、精确、高逼真度、高效费比的特点,可作为飞机设计和空战研究的重要辅助手段。