美国政府性科研管理机构推动军工科研的“风投”模式

推动军民融合深度发展,要充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用并更好地发挥政府作用。政府是军民科技协同创新网络的重要参与主体,承担着推动创新网络连接中风险承担者的角色。从这个角度来看,政府与风险投资者的角色有很大的共通之处。政府性科研管理机构作为政府参与军民科技协同创新网络的重要抓手,也是政府资金决策的重要执行者之一,其机构设置、运行机制影响着军民科技协同创新网络的系统性效率。本文分析了美国政府性科研管理机构的组织架构和运行过程,以及其推动军民科技协同创新网络运行效率提升的典型做法,以期为推动我国军民科技协同创新发展提供参考建议。     

星间激光通信系统粗精复合扫瞄技术

星间激光通信系统主要分为捕获、瞄准、跟踪技术,其中捕获技术是星间激光通信系统实现通信的前提和保障。通过对星间通信捕获阶段信标光的粗瞄捕获原理、关键技术和工程应用等内容进行详细的研究,提出一种粗瞄与精瞄相互结合的螺旋-正弦复合扫瞄的方法。对该方法扫瞄过程中的数值分析表明,相比单一粗瞄扫瞄方式,粗精复合扫瞄方法的扫瞄漏扫区域比单一粗扫瞄漏扫区域小、捕获概率更高、捕获时间短。该方法为星间激光通信扫瞄捕获过程提供了一种新的扫瞄方式,具有重要的意义。     

蜂窝网络中基于干扰控制的D2D通信联合资源分配方案

在蜂窝网络中部署D2D(Device-to-Device)通信能够有效提升频谱利用率,降低基站负载,但D2D用户与蜂窝用户共享无线信道时会产生信号干扰。提出了一种联合资源分配算法,通过综合考虑信道分配对网络中已有的蜂窝用户和D2D用户的信号干扰,并在小区范围内寻找具有最小干扰值的信道资源分配给用户,以实现有效的干扰控制。仿真结果显示:联合资源分配能够提升D2D链路、蜂窝链路的信噪比及系统总吞吐量,使得蜂窝网络的整体性能优于独立资源分配。     

基于层次分析法的坦克电台通信效能评估

坦克电台通信效能评估是检验电磁环境下坦克电台战术技术水平、适应复杂电磁环境下作战运用、发现电磁环境下坦克电台通信运用存在问题的重要途径。针对坦克电台通信效能评估的复杂性,运用层次分析法(AHP),确立了坦克电台通信效能评估指标集,构建了一种三层结构的指标体系,给出了通信效能评估模型与算法,实现了通过实验数据采集来定量分析坦克电台的通信效能。结合实例,通过分析采集各性能指标的实验数据,得出坦克电台通信的最佳方案,为复杂电磁环境下坦克分队作战训练提供依据。     

变速跳频通信抗跟踪干扰性能的研究

针对常规跳频通信抗跟踪干扰能力差的问题,分析跟踪干扰原理,提出变速跳频通信。建立数学模型,在干扰容限、压制比和追踪概率方面进行理论分析,分析变速跳频通信抗跟踪干扰对误码率的性能,并用MATLAB进行仿真验证。     

虚拟检测维修系统的设计与实现

结合实际装备维修工作的需求,开发了一套基于虚拟现实技术的具有一定通用性的虚拟维修训练系统。系统由界面层、应用层、对象层和技术支持层组成,运用OSG渲染创建逼真的场景,基于均匀网格和OBB树的混合碰撞检测算法解决碰撞问题,通过协同网络通信实现多人协作维修/检测操作。通过对某型装备手控台的虚拟维修训练系统的构建,证明系统能够快速开发相应的虚拟训练系统。训练过程中操作与场景变化实时同步,结果表明该系统能够有效提高操作人员的维修维护能力。     

EU armed forces and social media: convergence or divergence?

This article explores how armed forces in EU member states work with and view social media in national and international settings, and what the patterns of convergence/divergence are on these issues. To that end, a questionnaire targeted at EU armed forces was constructed. An index of qualitative variation was calculated to explore the relative convergence among respondents (n = 25) on issues of risks and opportunities with using social media nationally and internationally. Consistent with previous research on European armed forces, we found higher levels of divergence than convergence. Contrary to our expectations that similar challenges, joint international standards, and membership in international organizations would foster convergence with regard to social media use in areas of deployment, we found that convergence appeared foremost pertaining to the domestic level. Policy divergence was strongest in areas of deployment.     

通信侦察电磁环境建模与模拟软件设计

针对通信侦察设备面临的信号环境的构建问题,提出来了一种战场通信侦察电磁环境模拟软件设计思路,并阐述了该软件的架构设计、主要功能、数学模型与运行流程等。该电磁环境模拟软件已初步应用于相关领域试验、训练中,可以作为探讨通信侦察的有效手段,希望能为综合电子对抗复杂信号环境的构建提供支撑。     

帐篷辐射供暖试验研究

帐篷具有特殊的围护结构,其供暖不同于其他建筑。从特殊的使用及功能要求出发,确定研制以导电涂料发热为机理的新型电热供暖装置,制定并实现了其基本性能指标。针对帐篷在寒区取暖的现状,选择了较为合理的供暖方式,有效地解决了寒冷地区帐篷的供暖问题。分别在环境试验室模拟条件和自然气候条件下进行了低温供暖升温试验,通过试验研究了电热涂料辐射供暖的热舒适性和实测能耗,对试验结果进行了理论分析。试验表明对帐篷采用辐射方式供暖是一种高效的解决方案。     

Multivariate meta analysis with potentially correlated marketing study results

A univariate meta analysis is often used to summarize various study results on the same research hypothesis concerning an effect of interest. When several marketing studies produce sets of more than one effect, multivariate meta analysis can be conducted. Problems one might have with such a multivariate meta analysis are: (1) Several effects estimated in one model could be correlated to each other but their correlation is seldom published and (2) an estimated effect in one model could be correlated to the corresponding effect in the other model due to similar model specification or the data set partly shared, but their correlation is not known. Situations like (2) happen often in military recruiting studies. We employ a Monte‐Carlo simulation to evaluate how neglecting such potential correlation affects the result of a multivariate meta analysis in terms of Type I, Type II errors, and MSE. Simulation results indicate that such effect is not significant. What matters is rather the size of the variance component due to random error in multivariate effects. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 500–510, 2000.