基于不同叶片数目比的烟气涡轮多叶片通道数值模拟

基于定常假设,利用混合平面模型传递级间参数,运用Fluent软件对不同静动叶片数目比下的烟气涡轮多叶片通道流场进行了数值计算,得到了温度、压力、出口速度和马赫数等参数的变化规律,绘制了不同静动叶片数目比下各种参数的体积加权平均XY图,并通过数值分析确定了静动叶片最佳数目比为50∶74,最佳静叶安装角为35°。结果表明:叶片数目增减和静叶安装角的变化对烟气涡轮整体性能的影响须考虑多种因素,并不能以单一参数的变化来决定最佳叶片数目和静叶安装角。该结论可为烟气涡轮现有装备的科学管理和技术改进提供理论依据。     

EEMD+BiGRU组合模型在短时交通流量预测中的应用

针对城市交通流随机波动性强、数据中含噪声多导致预测精度下降的问题,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)和双向门控循环单元(bidirectional gated recurrent unit,BiGRU)的组合交通流量预测模型,有效地提升了短时交通流预测的精度。模型利用EEMD算法对原始数据进行分解,根据分解所得的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量绘制噪声能量图谱,去除分量中的噪声,并将去噪后的IMF分量作为BiGRU网络的输入进行训练,再将训练所得的结果进行重构加和,得到最终的预测结果。实验结果表明,未舍弃含有噪声的IMF分量进行重构的预测结果,相比于参考文献中提出的EMD+LSTM模型、LSTM模型和EEMD+LSTM模型,其平均绝对百分误差分别优化了42.36%、61.82%和30.95%;舍弃含有噪声的IMF分量后进行重构的预测结果,其平均绝对百分误差相比于将全部IMF分量进行重构优化了56.62%。     

无限质量降落伞充气动力学数值模拟

为分析降落伞火星再入环境下的超声速开伞性能,基于任意欧拉-拉格朗日罚函数法和多介质任意拉格朗日欧拉算法,求解可压缩流场与降落伞结构的耦合动力学模型。数值模拟盘缝带伞超声速开伞过程外形变化,预测气动力作用下的伞衣织物三维结构动力学行为。结合风洞试验数据,对比分析降落伞开伞性能和前置体对伞衣充气外形的影响。最终给出超声速伞周围非稳态流场的尾流和激波分布。仿真结果表明:盘缝带伞在超声速开伞过程中被完全充满且充气效果良好,未出现塌陷情况;随着来流马赫数的增加,降落伞阻力系数逐渐减小,充气时间缩短。仿真结果与试验结果保持一致,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

气液同轴离心式喷嘴雾化特性实验研究

采用自行设计的两相喷雾实验设备和测量装置,通过ＭＦ激光散射测粒仪,对液氧液氢火箭发动机所用量气液同轴离心式喷嘴后方喷雾液滴的平均直径ＭＭＤ和液滴尺寸分布指数ｎ等雾化特性,进行了试验研究,测量了Ａ型喷嘴在不同气体和液体喷注压降、不同空间位置的喷雾特性。分析了气体喷注压降一定时液体喷注压降对雾化特性的影响规律,以及当液体喷注压降一定时气体喷注压降对雾化特性的影响规律,得出了一些有意义的结论。研完结果对气液同轴离心式喷嘴设计有一定的指导意义。     

Mandated defence offsets: can they ever deliver?

Defence offsets are elements of defence procurement deals additional to the primary content. Offsets are usually expected to yield technological or industrial benefits to the purchasing country (e.g. countertrade, technology transfers, or additional jobs) and military buyers often require suppliers to make offsets available “cost-free.” The authors argued previously that such strategies achieve little of value to buyers that lack market power and are unnecessary otherwise, since purchasers with the market power to extract more value for money from foreign suppliers can do so anyway. This article also focuses on the supply side of offset deals. The USA is the world's largest defence offsets supplier but the US government opposes offsets demands as economically inefficient and trade distorting. Even if offsets are inefficient and trade distorting, they may still benefit a materiel-exporting country such as the USA as they may induce exports and create associated benefits for the offsets provider.     

盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的传热性能优化

针对高超声速飞行器对盖板式陶瓷热防护系统的迫切需求,建立了热防护系统结构瞬态传热模型;并研究了防隔热层的物性参数,厚度尺寸,相变层的种类、位置等因素对热防护系统结构传热性能的影响。结果表明,隔热层物性参数及厚度尺寸对热防护系统结构传热性能具有决定性影响,而防热层的物性参数及厚度尺寸几乎不产生影响。相变材料的引入能够明显改善热防护系统结构的传热性能。调整和优化相变层位置是改善热防护系统结构传热性能、降低结构厚度的一个有效途径。隔热层厚度的优化结果可为热防护系统结构设计提供一定的参考和依据。     

地月转移轨道设计的改进微分校正方法

地月转移轨道设计是探月关键技术之一,微分校正法是公认的解决非线性迭代问题的有效方法。针对探月任务中地月转移轨道设计精度高、计算速度快等要求,提出一种改进的微分校正快速设计方法。该方法基于DE405/LE405星历数据下日、地、月和地球J2项摄动真实轨道动力学模型,推导了近月点和入轨点设计参数偏导数关系,在积分轨道状态量的同时积分微分校正矩阵,用积分得到的准确微分校正矩阵求逆,快速迭代得到轨道设计结果。仿真结果表明,利用该方法设计地月转移轨道收敛速度远优于同等精度动力学模型—序列二次规划算法。     

Effect of post weld heat treatment on tensile properties and microstructure characteristics of friction stir welded armour grade AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy

This paper reports the effects of post weld heat treatments, namely artificial ageing and solution treatment followed by artificial ageing, on microstructure and mechanical properties of 12 mm thick friction stir welded joints of precipitation hardenable high strength armour grade AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy. The tensile properties, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and notch tensile strength, are evaluated and correlated with the microhardness and microstructural features. The scanning electron microscope is used to characterie the fracture surfaces. The solution treatment followed by ageing heat treatment cycle is found to be marginally beneficial in improving the tensile properties of friction stir welds of AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy.     

Reduction of global effects on vehicles after IED detonations

Global effects caused by the detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induce subsequent severe acceleration effects on the vehicle occupants. Two concepts to minimize these global effects were developed, with the help of a combined method based on a scaled experimental technology and numerical simulations. The first concept consists in the optimization of the vehicle shape to reduce the momentum transfer and thus the occupant loading. Three scaled V-shaped vehicles with different ground clearances were built and compared to a reference vehicle equipped with a flat floor. The second concept, called dynamic impulse compensation (DIC), is based on a momentum compensation technique. The principal possibility of this concept was demonstrated on a scaled vehicle. In addition, the numerical simulations have been performed with generic full size vehicles including dummy models, proving the capability of the DIC technology to reduce the occupant loading.     

某型柴油机进气道通流特性试验研究

分析了某型柴油机气缸盖进气道流量系数和涡流比随气阀升程的变化规律,以及进气道前后的压差对流量系数和涡流比的影响.试验结果表明,该型柴油机进气系统在低负荷时可以实现较大的涡流比,从而可以改善柴油机低负荷性能.