Into the black box? Technology sharing in major arms transfers and beyond

From the recipients’ perspective, arms transfers have, through the use of offsets, technology transfers, and industrial participation, become an opportunity to receive not only advanced weapons, but also technologies not otherwise available. How important are friendly relations for securing a military export order? To what extent do buyers demand advanced military or commercial technology and how are these demands accepted by the supplier? How does this influence smaller producers in relation to major producers? These questions are addressed by studying (a) the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35 by Lockheed Martin, USA, and the JAS-39 Gripen aircraft by Saab, Sweden, (b) the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft competition in India for 126 combat aircraft, and (c) the Indian offset policy. In the final section, some long-term consequences are discussed.     

高硬再制造表面强化层的加热切削研究

应用高性能硬质合金、陶瓷刀具和CBN刀具对常温条件下难以加工的高硬堆焊材料进行加热切削试验。试验结果表明：尽管加热条件下冲击效应降低,但CBN刀具仍然破损严重;陶瓷刀具虽然也无法实现理想的切削,但切削过程中刀具破损模式从崩碎式失效转变为磨损失效;3种刀具中高性能硬质合金应用效果最佳,其最佳参数条件下,一个切削里程后刀面VB值仅为0．3mm,试验过程中,刀具磨损随表面加热温度、切削速度、切削深度的提高而增大,但随进给量取值的增大而减小,其中切削速度对刀具VB值的影响最大,而进给量和削切深度对刀具VB值的影响较小。综合分析还表明：试验中刀具磨损速率仍然受刀具红硬性极限的限制。     

翼栅绕流流场数值模拟及动力性能研究

基于2D不可压缩定常流动的控制方程,对5个NACA4412非对称翼型组成的平面直列翼栅绕流流场进行了数值模拟,对比分析了同一翼型在翼栅中工作和单独绕流时的升、阻力情况,验证了翼栅装置工作的可行性,反映了翼栅绕流的客观规律性。结果表明:翼栅翼型头部流速和压力急剧变化,尾部出现流涡尾迹,前部是负压区,后部是正压区,内部流速大,压力小;在1/3弦长附近翼栅翼型表面压力出现拐点,拐点之前翼型上下表面压力差较大,拐点之后翼型上下表面压力差较小;翼栅内部流场具有相似、相近性,外部流场差异性较大;翼型的压力差是产生升力的主要原因。     

航天测控通信系统可靠性分析的Krylov子空间投影算法

基于Markov模型对航天测控通信系统进行可靠性分析的过程中,若系统中测控通信设备数量较多,模型中的状态空间随设备数量呈指数增长,将会导致数值计算困难.提出了一种基于Krylov子空间技术的可靠性分析方法,将大规模问题投影至小规模子空间中,求得问题的近似解.实验结果证明,Krylov子空间方法的计算速度及精度优于Ross方法和前向Euler法(forward Euler method,FEM).     

单兵系统数据模型

讨论了单兵系统的体系结构和信息要素,并结合单兵系统在联合作战中的应用例子,对其业务过程和信息流进行初步分析。然后通过IDEF1X方法,设计单兵系统基于关系数据库的数据模型。最后讨论了模型的规范化问题,并给出检验数据模型的方法。     

PCA和ICA的舰船尾流后向散射光信号检测

水体的后向散射光信号是舰船尾流后向散射光信号检测的常见干扰,由于其在频域十分接近且信号强度大于尾流信号,因此严重影响了有用信号的提取。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于主成分分析(PCA)和独立成分分析(ICA)相结合的尾流散射光信号检测方法。首先使用主成分分析对采集的散射光信号进行降维,去除冗余成分,之后使用基于负熵的F astICA算法对数据进行处理,分离了水体和舰船尾流的散射光信号,通过实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

水下航行器头部流噪声数值仿真与实验

选取头部线型,对航行器头部基于RNG k-ε湍流模型及FW-H声学模型进行流噪声模拟,然后对3种头部线型的航行器在不同速度下分别进行水洞实验。通过对比分析数值仿真与实验结果发现,航行器头部流噪声随着频率的增大而逐渐减小,随着速度的增大而增大。在相同速度下,与头部线型2、头部线型3相比,头部线型1流噪声较小,具有更好的降噪作用。所采用的计算方法可以比较准确地模拟航行器头部流噪声情况。     

多目标攻击导弹捷联惯导的传递对准

在分析中距复合制导空空导弹捷联惯导传递对准的基础上,提出由机载火控系统根据导弹发射包线计算发出开始捷联惯导传递对准精对准的时刻,导弹惯导提前进行传递精对准的方法。利用此方法可以解决机载武器系统多目标攻击空空导弹传递对准满足连续发射多枚导弹实时性要求的问题。最后,在单目标情况下就开始传递对准时刻包线给出了算例。     

Generating Pareto‐optimal boundary points in multiparty negotiations using constraint proposal method

In this paper a constraint proposal method is developed for computing Pareto‐optimal solutions in multiparty negotiations over continuous issues. Constraint proposal methods have been previously studied in a case where the decision set is unconstrained. Here we extend the method to situations with a constrained decision set. In the method the computation of the Pareto‐optimal solutions is decentralized so that the DMs do not have to know each others' value functions. During the procedure they have to indicate their optimal solutions on different sets of linear constraints. When the optimal solutions coincide, the common optimum is a candidate for a Pareto‐optimal point. The constraint proposal method can be used to generate either one Pareto‐optimal solution dominating the status quo solution or several Pareto‐optimal solutions. In latter case a distributive negotiation among the efficient points can be carried out afterwards. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 210–225, 2001     

后方油库整体生存概率分析计算

针对我军后方油库特点,探讨了油库整体生存概率计算的基本思路和方法,分析了各类分项目标生存概率的计算方法,采用层次分析对后方油库各分项目标权值进行了详细分析计算,可为后方油库伪装防护效能评估提供依据。