A model of dynamic conflict in ethnocracies

We model an infinitely repeated Tullock contest, over the sharing of some given resource, between two ethnic groups. The resource is allocated by a composite state institution according to relative ethnic control; hence the ethnic groups contest the extent of institutional ethnic bias. The contest yields the per-period relative influence over institutions, which partly spills over into the next period, by affecting relative conflict efficiency. Our model generates non-monotone evolution of both conflict and distribution. Results suggest that external interventions, when effective in reducing current conflict and protecting weaker groups, may end up sowing the seeds of greater future conflict.     

线性相依风险下的超额赔款再保险

本文从保险人的角度研究对两类相依风险的超额赔款再保险的最优自留额问题。考虑指数效用函数的货币期望效用原则和自留累积损失的调节系数原则,得到关于这两个问题的最优解的方程。     

含黏砂土渗透系数的3种试验方法浅析

对含黏砂土进行3种试验方法的渗透试验,即变水头渗透试验、常水头渗透试验和一维垂直土柱积水入渗试验,探讨了含黏砂土的渗透系数与干密度之间的函数关系,试验结果表明渗透系数随干密度的增大而呈现指数函数形式的衰减。3种试验方法所得函数形式是一致的,说明3种方法测试含黏砂土的渗透特性都是可靠的。     

Military Spending,Conflict and External Debt in Sub-Saharan Africa

The damaging economic effects of the debt crises on Africa in the late 1980s encouraged considerable research on the determinants of external debt in developing economies. Although sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) debt was cut by two-thirds by 2008, through two debt relief programmes, debt in the region has since been rising at an increasingly rapid pace. This study provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of external debt in SSA over the period 1960–2016, using dynamic panel methods. It also considers two potentially important factors that have received relatively little attention. One is military spending, rarely considered, despite a number of well-publicised scandals over the procurement of unnecessary and expensive high-tech weapons systems. A second, is the possibility that the countries studied have been involved in conflict. The empirical results point to a positive impact of military spending on external debt, but with some evidence of heterogeneity across the countries. Furthermore, findings indicate that the positive effect of military expenditure on debt becomes more marked in countries that have been affected by conflict. These results imply that policies to improve security and reduce military spending could be beneficial in reducing external debt and, potentially, improving economic performance in the region.     

The politics of multinational military operations

Today, few countries fight alone; most fight as allies or partners in multilateral campaigns. The end of the Cold War opened a window of opportunity for multinational military operations (MMOs). These have seen varying degrees of participation, enthusiasm, and success. This special forum is devoted to the politics of multilateral warfare including their formation, maintenance, and durability. The introduction sketches past research and derives some key questions of continuing relevance. The contributions shed light on the domestic and international politics of MMOs, focusing on the implementation of national restrictions and their repercussions for MMOs, party politics of military intervention, the conditions under which states decide to defect from military operations, and the role of junior partners in MMOs. In sum, this forum offers a fresh look at the politics of MMOs, including conceptual contributions to the study of national restrictions, domestic constraints, and coalition warfare.     

On Government-industry Nexus and Indigenous Armed Resistance

This paper proposes a simple game-theoretic framework for analyzing the relationship between the government, industry and indigenous community, especially in the context of mounting violence surrounding displacement of indigenous communities by governments for the purposes of commercial use of their habitat. It specifically takes into account the possibility of alleged ‘nexus’ between the government and the industry and explores its implications on the level of allocation and utilities of the players. We find that the bias in allocation that occurs when the government and the industry enter a ‘nexus’ can be rectified when there is resistance from the indigenous groups. Moreover, rebellion is a dominant strategy of the indigenous community, irrespective of whether there is ‘nexus’ or not, and being in ‘nexus’ with the government is a best response for the industry. The unique SPNE occurs when there is ‘nexus’ between the industry and the government and resistance by the indigenous groups, corroborating the widespread allegations of ‘nexus’ and evidence of resistance worldwide. We also explore a few extensions of the basic model and present some narrative evidence in support of the theoretical model.     

压力恢复系统引射器工作效率工程估算

在与高能化学激光器配套的引射式压力恢复系统中 ,引射器作为一个关键部件 ,其工作效率对于整套系统有很大影响。本文结合工程实际 ,对引射器工作效率的工程计算方法进行了较为深入的研究 ,提出了合理假设。计算采用守恒方程组 ,考虑了在热力学特性上 ,引射气体和被引射气体有较大差别的实际情况 ,按照工程设计的要求 ,对引射器的工作效率进行了计算。通过对多组参数的计算和分析 ,得出了有关参数对引射器工作效率的影响规律。计算结果表明 :引射气体和被引射气体的速度参数、总压和环境压力的调整对于引射器的工作效率有着较大的影响。     

火灾爆炸危险指数评价法在三乙胺罐区中的应用

介绍了火灾爆炸危险指数评价法的基本原理,根据三乙胺罐区中实际情况确定了单元的危险系数和安全补偿系数,并通过计算得到火灾爆炸危险指数F&EI和安全措施补偿系数,最后得出单元危险分析的安全评价结果.     

离心机试验中惯导平台误差系数辨识方法

针对离心机试验中惯导平台误差系数辨识问题,提出一种6位置辨识方案。建立误差系数辨识的非线性模型,再利用扩展卡尔曼滤波估计误差系数。由滤波中的估值方差矩阵计算各误差系数之间的相关系数,用相关系数分析系统的可观性,并将所有相关系数之和最小作为优化指标,利用遗传算法得到最优的位置组合。仿真结果表明,采用该方案可以有效辨识出惯导平台中与加速度高阶项有关的各项误差系数。