Does Military Spending Nonlinearly Affect Economic Growth in South Africa?

Using annual data collected from 1988 to 2015, this study provides evidence of a non-linear relationship between military spending, economic growth and other growth determinants for the South African economy. The empirical study is based on estimates of a logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) model and our empirical results point to an inverted U-shaped relationship between military spending and economic growth for the data. Furthermore, our empirical results suggest that the current levels of military spending, as a component of total government expenditure, are too high in the South African economy and need to be transferred towards more productive non-military expenditure in order to improve the performance of economic growth and other growth determinants.     

谈比例原则在规范消防行政执法裁量权中的适用

比例原则着眼于法益的均衡,要求行政主体在实现行政管理目标的同时,注意维护相对人的权益。作为行政法上控制自由裁量权的一项重要原则,在阐述了比例原则内涵与价值的基础上,针对消防行政执法自由裁量权行使的错位与失范,提出用比例原则进行规范与控制。     

动态矩阵控制在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

提出将动态矩阵控制(DMC)算法用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的控制。为此,在分析SOFC动态机理模型的基础上,建立了其阶跃响应模型。控制目标是使SOFC的输出电压始终保持在一定范围内,并收敛到恒定的数值。在实际应用中,这样的算法应能提高SOFC输出功率的跟踪性能。仿真结果验证了这种方法的有效性。     

基于门限的无线传感器网络密钥管理方案

由于无线传感器网络在能量消耗、内存开销和计算能力等方面的局限性,传统的网络密钥管理方法已不适用。为此提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络的密钥预分配方法——基于（t,n）-门限方案,给出了密钥分配方法,并从方案的连通性、安全性等方面进行了有效的分析,结果表明该算法在这些方面有一定的优势。     

Dynamic signatures and their use in comparing the reliability of new and used systems

The signature of a system with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes is a vector whose ith element is the probability that the ith component failure is fatal to the system. System signatures have been found to be quite useful tools in the study and comparison of engineered systems. In this article, the theory of system signatures is extended to versions of signatures applicable in dynamic reliability settings. It is shown that, when a working used system is inspected at time t and it is noted that precisely k failures have occurred, the vector s [0,1]^n‐k whose jth element is the probability that the (k + j)th component failure is fatal to the system, for j = 1,2,2026;,n ‐ k, is a distribution‐free measure of the design of the residual system. Next, known representation and preservation theorems for system signatures are generalized to dynamic versions. Two additional applications of dynamic signatures are studied in detail. The well‐known “new better than used” (NBU) property of aging systems is extended to a uniform (UNBU) version, which compares systems when new and when used, conditional on the known number of failures. Sufficient conditions are given for a system to have the UNBU property. The application of dynamic signatures to the engineering practice of “burn‐in” is also treated. Specifically, we consider the comparison of new systems with working used systems burned‐in to a given ordered component failure time. In a reliability economics framework, we illustrate how one might compare a new system to one successfully burned‐in to the kth component failure, and we identify circumstances in which burn‐in is inferior (or is superior) to the fielding of a new system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

关于思想政治教育本质的思考

事物的本质是该事物得以存在和发展的根据。思想政治教育的本质问题是思想政治教育学的＂元问题＂,自该学科成立以来,这一问题并未得到完满解决,影响到了其理论发展和实践效用;要给出符合其学科特征的界定,就不能脱离本质的原义与思想政治教育的学科特殊性。结合它的起源发展、内容及其特殊矛盾,应在阶级性这一本质属性的规限下做到工具性与合目的性的统一。     

一种基于SCA的FPGA硬件抽象层设计方法

针对软件无线电关于波形软件的可移植性要求,借鉴软件通信体系硬件抽象层连接规范,采用开放式体系结构和模块化设计思想,研究了一种针对FPGA的硬件抽象层设计与实现方法.通过引入source和sink接口抽象底层的硬件连接,使FPGA的波形设计与具体硬件平台分离,实现硬件系统中波形软件的动态配置.在实际信号处理系统中的应用表明,使用该方法设计的软件具有很好的可移植性、可重用性和可互操作性,可减少重复开发,能有效缩短系统开发周期,提高系统开发效率.     

敷设气囊的充水圆柱壳的声辐射

为降低充水圆柱壳受内部点声源激励时的水下辐射噪声,在其外壳上敷设气囊,形成气囊圆柱壳。为指导气囊圆柱壳的设计,将充水裸圆柱壳和充水气囊圆柱壳分别简化为单、双层无限长隔板。比较隔板、气体与水的波阻抗,分析了气体声速与层厚对双层无限长隔板在平面声波入射时低频声辐射的影响机理。分析表明,声速小的气体和适当的气层厚度可以降低双层障板的辐射噪声。采用声无限元法计算了气囊圆柱壳的水下声辐射,结论与对隔板的机理分析吻合。优化设计出的充水CO2气囊圆柱壳的水下辐射声功率与远场辐射声压明显低于充水裸圆柱壳。     

中低速磁浮列车传感器防浪涌设计及改进

为提高磁浮列车悬浮传感器的可靠性,分析在雷击、电源干扰等工况条件下的浪涌产生机理,确定浪涌冲击试验的内容,从通流量的角度说明已有防浪涌电路设计的可行性,并指出其在高温环境下在可靠性方面存在的不足。分别从降压和分流的角度进行分析,通过在原有电路中并接大容量电容的方式降低浪涌对敏感器件的冲击,从而提高传感器电源的抗浪涌冲击能力。     

石墨烯微片尺寸对石墨烯纸热导率的影响

石墨烯热导率远高于传统金属薄膜等导热材料,可用作热扩散材料。石墨烯纸由石墨烯微片组装而成,石墨烯微片尺寸大小对其组装方式微观结构以及宏观导热性能等具有重要影响。采用溶液过滤自组装方法制备了分散均匀的氧化石墨烯纸,然后在Ar/H2气氛下对氧化石墨烯纸进行热还原处理,得到了石墨烯纸。结果表明,大尺寸石墨烯微片组成的石墨烯纸结构更加致密、结晶度更高;0.5μm~3μm和50μm~100μm的氧化石墨烯所制备的石墨烯纸的热导率分别为632.8 W/m K和683.7 W/m K,大尺寸石墨烯微片组成的石墨烯纸热导率提高了8%。