Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface (FADS), an integrated guidance and control (IGC) approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile, which was robust to target maneuver, canard dynamic characteristics, and multiple constraints, such as impact angle, limited measurement of line of sight (LOS) angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. Initially, a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established, and extended state observer (ESO) was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system, including aerodynamic parameters perturbation, target maneuver and model errors. Secondly, aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law. Furthermore, combining with dynamic surface, which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws, the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law. Finally, the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded, rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.     

考虑非线性退化与随机失效阈值的剩余寿命预测

针对广泛存在的非线性退化设备,现有方法尚未考虑随机失效阈值对剩余寿命预测结果的影响。因此,通过对设备性能退化过程进行分析,提出了一种综合考虑非线性退化与随机失效阈值的剩余寿命预测方法。基于Wiener过程构建了考虑个体差异与测量误差的非线性退化模型;基于卡尔曼滤波算法建立状态空间模型以实现对退化状态的在线更新;基于极大似然法估计失效阈值分布系数估计方法,得到随机失效阈值的概率分布;基于随机失效阈值推导出剩余寿命的概率分布,实现对剩余寿命的在线预测。算例研究表明,所提方法可以有效地提升剩余寿命预测的准确性,具备一定工程应用价值。     

Scheduling parallel dedicated machines with the speeding‐up resource

We consider a problem of scheduling jobs on m parallel machines. The machines are dedicated, i.e., for each job the processing machine is known in advance. We mainly concentrate on the model in which at any time there is one unit of an additional resource. Any job may be assigned the resource and this reduces its processing time. A job that is given the resource uses it at each time of its processing. No two jobs are allowed to use the resource simultaneously. The objective is to minimize the makespan. We prove that the two‐machine problem is NP‐hard in the ordinary sense, describe a pseudopolynomial dynamic programming algorithm and convert it into an FPTAS. For the problem with an arbitrary number of machines we present an algorithm with a worst‐case ratio close to 3/2, and close to 3, if a job can be given several units of the resource. For the problem with a fixed number of machines we give a PTAS. Virtually all algorithms rely on a certain variant of the linear knapsack problem (maximization, minimization, multiple‐choice, bicriteria). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

基于自适应EKF的高动态载波跟踪算法

针对载波跟踪算法在大频偏或动态剧烈变化时易失锁的问题,提出一种无数据辅助情况下基于自适应R/Q扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)的高动态载波跟踪算法。该算法在AEKF代替鉴相器和滤波器的环路结构基础上,引入两倍相位转换来消除数据位跳变的影响,并利用载噪比估计方法和基于加加速度的信号动态监测方法来修正观测噪声协方差(R)和系统状态噪声方差(Q),进而兼顾环路的跟踪精度和动态稳定性。实验结果表明:利用该算法的GPS软件接收机能够在加速度200 g,瞬间加加速度10 000 g/s的动态指标下正常工作。     

加速度计交叉耦合系数高精度标定

为了在1g重力场用转台标定惯性导航系统加速度计交叉耦合系数,提出基于正交多位置递推滤波算法标定加速度计的方案,通过建立正交多位置标定模型,抑制了转台误差对标定精度的影响,设计基于马尔科夫递推估计滤波算法,克服了一般最小二乘集中估计中多维矩阵求逆算法误差。仿真结果表明通过28位置标定,加速度计交叉耦合系数标定精度可达到10－7 g·g－2（ RMS）量级。     

基于电容式噪声传感器的信号调理电路设计

在航空航天的飞行器遥测试验中,大推力火箭和导弹飞行时,由燃气射流引起的噪声会对飞行器的结构以及载荷造成巨大的危害。电容式噪声传感器由于其频率响应范围宽,被广泛应用于飞行试验中。电容式传感器工作时需要用恒压源供电,且其采集的信号受到外界干扰较大,输出电压值不满足大多数模数芯片转换要求。针对以上问题,设计了恒压源供电模块和隔直分压电路、低通滤波电路等调理模块,使其最终输出电压范围在0~2.5 V,满足模数转换芯片的要求。该噪声传感器的信号调理电路可靠性高,已经成功应用于飞行器发射试验中。     

全球导航卫星系统接收机的复信号自适应陷波干扰抑制

为提高全球导航卫星系统接收机抑制带内窄带干扰的能力,提出一种采用复系数自适应陷波器的时域滤波干扰抑制方法。在数字基带通过自适应算法调整复数滤波器的频率参数,以实时检测和跟踪窄带干扰的中心频率。仿真结果表明,该方法可以快速、有效地抑制固定频率的窄带干扰和线性调频干扰,提高接收机在干扰条件下的捕获性能。其干扰抑制性能优于实系数自适应陷波器的干扰抑制方法。     

基于微惯导随机误差时间序列建模的改进组合导航方法

针对低精度、低成本微机电惯性测量单元随机误差建模效果不理想会极大影响组合导航性能的难题,采用时间序列分析方法建立了微机电惯性测量单元随机误差的自回归滑动平均模型,通过对卡尔曼滤波器的状态变量进行增广,建立系统动力学方程和观测方程,实现对零偏误差的在线估计。实测数据分析验证了该随机误差建模的有效性。实测数据处理结果表明,该方法能够显著提高低成本微惯性解算外推精度,增强微惯性/卫星组合导航可靠性。     

针对GPS/SINS深组合模型的U滤波及其运用

很多文献都证明了在解决非线性系统问题时,UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)是比EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)更好的选择,但计算的复杂度限制了其运用。针对GPS/SINS深组合的模型提出了全新简化的U滤波算法UTCUKF(Ultra Tight Coupling Unscented Kalman Filter)。这是一种专门针对具有加性噪声、线性状态方程和非线性量测方程的系统设计的滤波器。首先介绍了GPS/SINS深组合系统在导航解算时的模型,然后针对模型具有加性噪声的特点运用AUKF(Additive Unscented Kalman Filter)对UKF进行了简化,为了实现UKF在GPS/SINS深组合系统中的实际运用,又由系统模型中状态方程是线性方程、观测方程是非线性方程的特征,进一步提出了UTCUKF,并做了分析和仿真。     

子空间预测控制在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

为使固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)输出满足一定约束的稳定电压、提高其输出功率跟踪性能,采用文献中给出的SOFC动态模型,设计了基于子空间矩阵的预测控制器。将子空间辨识和预测控制算法结合起来,直接从开环输入输出数据获得预测控制器的控制矩阵,而不须经过中间参数模型辨识的步骤。仿真结果验证了所提子空间预测控制算法(SPC)的实用性。