固体火箭发动机二次喷射控制矢量喷管流场仿真

采用基于Favre平均的三维N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型对固体火箭发动机二次喷射推力矢量喷管复杂干扰内流场进行数值模拟。空间上采用三阶精度差分格式进行求解,时间上采用隐式Jacobi点迭代方法进行迭代推进,直至流场收敛。数值模拟得到矢量喷管二次射流的激波系结构,以及复杂的主/次流干扰流动图像。二次喷射流场包含复杂的涡系结构和波系结构,还存在着边界层与激波的相互干扰、自由剪切层、激波、膨胀波和大尺寸分离。数值模拟还表明,高温燃气射流导致喷射孔附近喷管壁面处的温度相当高,需采取相应的热防护措施。     

大延时网络中的主动队列管理机制

研究了网络延时对路由器主动队列管理机制的影响,分析了几种典型主动队列管理算法在大延时网络中的性能。在介绍了基于内模补偿的DC-AQM算法的优缺点之后,根据PID控制器延时补偿的Ziegler-Nichols设定方法,提出了ZNDC(Ziegler-Nichols delay compensation)AQM算法并进行了仿真实验验证,实验结果表明算法达到了预期的目标。     

从《中导条约》的失效看未来国际军控走向

《美苏消除两国中程导弹和中短程导弹条约》的失效重创了本就脆弱的国际军控体系,对美俄战略稳定和全球军事安全带来消极影响,国际军控合作和全球军事安全迫切需要重构新的军控体系。本文立足当前国际军控现状,在分析美俄“退约”背后各方战略考量及国际军控面临的挑战,如“美国优先”理念下的霸权主义和单边主义、国际军控体系自身的脆弱性和局限性和新军事革命给全球安全增添新的变量的基础上,提出了“构建人类命运共同体”理念凝聚全球安全共识、以大国责任和义务为基础构建多层次军控体系和以多边军控体系循序推进国际军控进程等措施和建议,以期为推动国际军控合作,建立更为公平、合理、有效的国际军控体系做出贡献。     

A novel variable topology design for a multi-flexible ejection mechanism

The airborne missile launch mechanism often subjects to significant deformations induced by the large ejection force during high-speed actuations in missile ejection process, leading to a substantial deviation of separation parameters from designed values that threats safety of the carrier. This study proposes a novel variable topology design for launch mechanism, achieved via a Prismatic-Revolute-Revolute pair (PR-R) motion formed by the structural gap with a specific direction. It enables launch mechanism variability during missile ejection process and optimizes the ejection force given by the front and back ejection arms, and greatly optimizes the separation parameters during missile ejection. The kinetics simulation analysis is conducted under working conditions of the original ejection mechanism and the novel mechanism with variable topology design, respectively. The results show that the novel variable topology design is more befitting for the launch process in terms of system safety and controllability, effectively improving the separation posture, restraining the flexible effect of the mechanism, and fulfilling the effectiveness of the design value of multi-rigid body.     

Damage of multi-layer spaced metallic target plates impacted by radial layered PELE

Three different kinds of PELE (the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. The impact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system. The damage degree and process of each layer of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed. The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket, the diameters of holes on the second layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile, respectively. For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket, due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact, the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times, 3.04 times, 5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile. Besides, the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate. Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE, the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE. The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material, and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.     

多碱光电阴极饱和机理研究

多碱光电阴极饱和机理的研究对于提高阴极电子发射能力具有重要意义。依据光电阴极三步电子发射理论,采用蒙特卡洛法研究了多碱光电阴极的电子发射过程。研究结果与相关文献中的实验数据进行了对比分析,光子能量临近光电阴极响应阈值附近时,得到的量子效率曲线以及电子能量分布曲线与实验数据吻合良好。基于上述模型,研究了光压效应和空间电荷效应对多碱光电阴极电子发射特性的影响。结果表明,多碱光电阴极在光压效应限制下的阈值饱和激光能量密度约为8μJ/cm~2,在空间电荷效应限制下的阈值饱和激光能量密度约为2. 23μJ/cm~2。开展了266 nm激光辐照多碱光电阴极实验,经测量,多碱光电阴极的阈值饱和激光能量密度约为2μJ/cm~2,这表明空间电荷效应是限制其光电子发射能力的主要因素。     

采用PWPF调节器的再入飞行器最优控制分配方法

针对具有反作用控制系统(Reaction Control System,RCS)和气动舵两类控制机构的再入飞行器,提出一种基于脉宽脉频(Pulse-Width Pulse-Frequency,PWPF)调节器的最优控制分配方法。将RCS的输入信号转化为连续变化量,RCS与气动舵的控制分配问题被描述为二次规划问题,并采用有效集方法对其求解。采用离散法和PWPF调节器将优化结果转化为RCS的开关机状态。与混合整数规划问题相比,连续二次规划问题更容易求解,计算速度更快。通过对二次规划问题的重构,该算法能有效地应对故障情况。     

可展开遮阳罩技术研究进展及其关键科学问题

可展开遮阳罩一般是由多层轻质柔性高精度无褶皱薄膜和展开支撑臂及其控制装置组成,在轨后展开支撑臂有序展开多层大面积薄膜实现光控制和热控制性能,能有效改善和防护空间航天器。针对可展开遮阳罩结构,依据一维轴向、二维平面与三维周向的展开方式分类总结国内外可展开遮阳罩技术的研究进展,并对不同遮阳罩结构形状、薄膜材料、层数与展开方式等进行对比分析;梳理出遮阳罩在杂光抑制、折叠与展开变形机理、极端环境下薄膜多场耦合、低温热控、太阳辐射光压力矩及其计算方法等方面的关键科学问题,并给出了中国研究遮阳罩的发展建议。     

The politics of international chemical weapon justice: The case of Syria, 2011–2017

There has been near-universal condemnation of the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian conflict. The international community has nevertheless struggled to make progress on holding the perpetrators to account. This article reviews developments at the international level in terms of Syrian chemical weapon justice between 2011 and 2017. It argues that there have been substantive disagreements between states on the rationale and means of justice in the Syrian case. It also argues that international initiatives have been tightly intertwined with developments in chemical disarmament and conflict resolution processes as well as the broader war. The article describes progress and challenges to chemical weapon justice in a number of distinct formal international mechanisms during the period studied. The analysis concludes by contextualizing international responses—including the U.S. tomahawk strikes against a Syrian airbase—to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attacks of April 2017.     

变质心再入飞行器的质心移动方式研究

变质心控制是一种利用质量块的主动移动来改变飞行器质量特性的控制方式,该控制方式对于克服各种高速飞行器执行机构的气动烧蚀问题有着重要的意义.通过建立变质心再入飞行器的线性化方程,研究了质量块在飞行器内部不同方向上移动与可建立配平攻角之间的关系,并通过仿真计算可知再入飞行器再入的不同阶段质量块沿不同方向移动时的控制效率是有所差别的.研究结论对于提高变质心再入飞行器的控制效率有着重要的意义.